Essay --

Freedom of ReligionThe individual right to license of religion means that you fecal matter freely class period your religion without the government fussy. Its in the prototypic amendment of the Bill of Rights, in the physical composition, it protects all U.S. citizens to a certain extent. The first amendment went into effect on December 15th, 1791. 1The first amendment states Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof (American Civil Liberties Union). There are two clauses in the U.S. Constitution that guarantee freedom of religion. The Establishment Clause which prohibits the government from passing legislation to establish an official religion. There is also the Free Exercise Clause, it prohibits the government from interfering with someones recitation of religion (LII). The first amendment also treateds a fine line between states rights and the church servicees rights (Black,130). Throughout time, many t hings have happened to where the first amendment has had to been set into play.In 1620, a large group of settlers moved into the New England area, and formed individual colonies. This group was known as the Puritans. The Puritans fled Europe in search of ghostly freedom, which was not granted by the Church of England. The church expected everyone to turn to the Catholic religion. They worked toward religious reforms, so they could purify the church and their own lives. However, they discovered the church was far beyond reform because it was so powerful (Kizer, Kay). They realized the only way to purify their lives was to break away from the Church of England. They came to America where they could freely practice their religion. At this point in time there was neither a law against nor ... ...ace where every religion is accepted and welcome. Its supposed to be a place where you can freely practice your religion without people discriminating against it (Washington Times). Another co n is that some displays of symbols can be a violation of freedom of religion. It all depends if its for a certain season or if its to benefit or promote a certain religion (Harper, 62 and 63). Depending on what youre showing, you can get in trouble for trying to convince people to believe in a certain religion. The public school system not allowing kids to take their religious book or let the teachers read excerpts from certain religious books, some feel isnt right because they should be able to freely extend their religion. So depending on who youre talking about, this could be a negative or positive thing. There are also some cons to freedom of religion, as well as pros.

Essay --

Gun Control According to Capital Punishment, Gun Ownership, and Homicide, it is attempting to answer two controversial questions, both related to the problem of interpersonal violence in America. One of the questions asks if the use of the death penalty exert any measurable influence on the rate of homicide in the U.S.? and the other asks what relationship, if any, exists between the level of hired gun ownership and the level of homicidal violence? (G. Kleck, 1979)One might ask, How do you go about this? So with that being asked, Several issues are examined (1) the deterrent final result of the death penalty, (2) the relationship between the level of gun ownership and the homicide rate, and (3) the incapacitative effect of imprisonment on the homicide rate. (G. Kleck, 1979) From my understanding, the appropriate methods were used to support the thesis stated and everything seemed to devour made sense. I also believe that the author employed the methods correctly and that there wer e no errors in the way he conducted the research. Now lets look to see if the evidence supports ...

The Communist Manifesto Essay -- Communist Manifesto Essays

The Communist ManifestoMarx describes the problem in great detail in the first chapter. He feels there is a problem between the middle class and the proletarians. The bourgeoisie were the oppressed class before the French Revolution and he argues that they are now the oppressors. The proletarians are the current working class, which works in the titanic factory and industries. He says that through mass industry they have sacrificed everything from the old way of religion, employment, to a mans self worth and replaced it with monetary value. He is mad that the people of ole that use to be upper class such as skills man, trades people, & shopkeepers, are now slipping into the proletarians or working class. He negotiation of the bourgeoisie getting to be so greedy that they are forced to nest all over the world to hock their goods. This is talking about the new import and export system that has formed. He says the working class has to deal with the flux of the market and is disposed o f more easily than the machines used in the market. He says that they actually become part of the machine while working. Doing the simplest and most monotonous part of the job. In this new system Marx says as repulsiveness of work increases, the lease of work decreases. He also prophesizes that machines will become so advanced that the wages for man will become one extremely low rate. He says the proletarians live a life of exploitation. By being exploited at work in the w...

THE IMMORAL PROPOSAL FOR THE CHANGE OF DRUG LAWS Essay -- Drugs

In the United States the use of unlawful drugs is prohibited. If one uses or possesses any type of an penal substance it is considered a criminal offense. unrivaled must know that 15 million Americans use drugs each month (Husak 7). There are various points of meet that disagree and agree with this law. An advanced society must realize that the idea of any attempt to allow illegal drugs to be legalized, in any panache in society, cannot be morally permissible a sound minded person cannot allow more addiction in a drug infested country.For our nominate an advanced society is a large number of persons that are morally knowledgeable of human wellbeing. A drug, for our purpose, is described as any substance otherwise than food which by its chemical nature affects the structure or function of the living organism. The idea of changing illegal substance laws started with drug legalization, which stretches back to the first decades of the 20th century, exactly the contemporary deb ate emerged in1988. Kurt L. Schmoke called for the debate on drug control and strategies. Schmokess argument was that for generations the United States has been pursuing policies of prosecution and repression that resulted in myopic more than overcrowded courts and prisons, increased profits for drug traffickers, and higher rates of addiction. There are two main view points on the changing of drug laws. One is the Prohibition view point which is against drug legalization. Prohibitionist believe that laws that are set in place are enough and that the legalization of drugs would further chop off family structure and imply drug use to American youth that would lower perceptions of harms and risks, as well as failing to eliminate drug addiction.( Inciardi 20). The parallel v... ...n illegal substance must consider after addiction free choice is no longer free. The first few times an individual uses an addictive substance, but that choice disappears as addiction becomes an experience d reality (Inciardi 39). Work citedHeath, Samuel . The Relationship between Parental Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Child Maltreatment .childabuse,com (2011) n. pag. Web. 15 Apr 2011.Husak, Douglas . The legalization of Drugs . Cambridge, New York Cambridge Press, 2005. 198. Print.Inciardi , James A. The Drug Legalization debate . 2nd . Thousand Oaks, California Sage Publications Inc., 1999. 1-117. Print.University of California - San Francisco. Prescription Drug Addiction Is Under Investigation. ScienceDaily, 19 Apr. 2007. Web. 15 Apr. 2011.Wills, Suzanne. Marijuana policy questions . Drug Policy Forum of Texas (2004) n. pag. Web. 15 Apr 2011.

Essay on Literacy in Song of Solomon -- Song Solomon essays

Literacy in Song of Solomon Through literacy will come liberty. But emancipation comes in galore(postnominal) forms, as does literacy. The various aspects of academic literacy are rather obvious in relation to emancipation, especially when one is confronted with exclusion from membership in the dominant culture. Most, moreover not all, of Toni Morrisons characters in Song of Solomon appear to have attained at least a modicum of literacy. But what part does literacy play in the advancement of the individual, and to what lengths will one go to achieve it? But if the future did not arrive, the present did extend itself, and the uncomfortable little boy in the Packard went to school and at xii met the boy who ... could liberate him ... (Song of Solomon 35-36). So says Toni Morrison of Milkman Dead, the boy in the Packard, in Song of Solomon. The other boy of whom she speaks is Guitar Bains, Milkmans mentor-of-the-street. Morrison tells us little more of Milkmans formal education, but we cigaret assume that he goes on to high school because Guitar is in high school when she introduces him. We do learn that Milkmans sisters attend and graduate from college, but their education isolates them from the relievo of the community. In fact, at age forty-four, Corinthians eventually goes to work as a maid and enters into a relationship with Porter, one of her fathers tenants, much to her fathers dismay. Within the class complex body part of haves and have-nots, Corinthians finds the haves side abhorrent, the have-nots side attractive, but she can not cross the socioeconomic line that her father has drawn. She must remain within the paradigm that separates her from the lower, uneducated lot of their society. Milkmans mor... ...ith the earth and at the conclusion of the novel when he finds he is able to fly. Is the state of super-metacognition he enters during these episodes a metaphor for an inherent attachment to the past? something equivalent to a shared history? something ingrained and transferred with roots deeply embedded in African traditions? Morrison leaves the answers to these questions (and many others) up to her readers, but it is obvious that Milkman finds more in historical literacy than he ever received from his formal education. Milkman sees hope for the future through a connection with the past. In a certain sense, he finds emancipation through his relationships with literacy. Works Cited Middleton, David. Toni Morrisons Fiction Contemporary Criticism. New York Garland, 1997. Morrison, Toni. Song of Solomon. New York Penguin Books USA, Inc., 1987.

Essay on Literacy in Song of Solomon -- Song Solomon essays

Literacy in Song of Solomon Through literacy will come emancipation. But emancipation comes in many forms, as does literacy. The various aspects of academic literacy are rather obvious in relation to emancipation, especially when ane is confronted with exclusion from membership in the dominant culture. Most, but non all, of Toni Morrisons characters in Song of Solomon appear to have attained at least a modicum of literacy. But what part does literacy play in the advancement of the individual, and to what lengths will one go to achieve it? But if the future did not arrive, the present did extend itself, and the uncomfortable little son in the Packard went to school and at twelve met the boy who ... could liberate him ... (Song of Solomon 35-36). So says Toni Morrison of Milkman Dead, the boy in the Packard, in Song of Solomon. The other boy of whom she speaks is Guitar Bains, Milkmans mentor-of-the-street. Morrison tells us little more of Milkmans formal education, but we can cont ract that he goes on to high school because Guitar is in high school when she introduces him. We do learn that Milkmans sisters attend and graduate from college, but their education isolates them from the rest of the community. In fact, at age forty-four, Corinthians eventually goes to work as a maid and enters into a relationship with Porter, one of her fathers tenants, much to her fathers dismay. Within the class structure of haves and have-nots, Corinthians finds the haves situation abhorrent, the have-nots side attractive, but she can not cross the socioeconomic line that her father has drawn. She must remain within the paradigm that separates her from the lower, uneducated portion of their society. Milkmans mor... ...ith the reality and at the conclusion of the novel when he finds he is able to fly. Is the state of super-metacognition he enters during these episodes a metaphor for an inherent attachment to the past? something akin to a shared history? something ingrained and transferred with roots deeply embedded in African traditions? Morrison leaves the answers to these questions (and many others) up to her readers, but it is obvious that Milkman finds more in diachronic literacy than he ever received from his formal education. Milkman sees hope for the future done a connection with the past. In a certain sense, he finds emancipation through his relationships with literacy. Works Cited Middleton, David. Toni Morrisons Fiction Contemporary Criticism. New York Garland, 1997. Morrison, Toni. Song of Solomon. New York Penguin Books USA, Inc., 1987.

Hemingway Indian Camp

Indian Camp Essay In Hemingways short story Indian Camp, the use of settle and dark symbolism is apparent through off. Two different races are seen in the story, the white homosexual, and the dark skinned Indians. The white man seems to be living the life, while the Indians live in a life of oppression and despair. The white man is clearly superior to the Indians, however Hemingways greater purpose of this symbolism is seen in the en legerityenment of incision Adams.When Nick Adams begins the story on his way to this campsite he is already taken into the dark upon his initial journey along with his father and Uncle. Led by an Indian guide, Nick has no idea of what to expect or where he is being led. Upon their arrival to the camp several symbols of light and dark are seen quite clearly. Hemingway touches on a few characteristics including the Uncles cigar, and Indian guide leading them with his lantern. In the cigar, it burns and sheds light in a dark world, a world these white m en are not accustomed to and have no knowledge on.He then attempts to partake his cigars with the Indians, perhaps showing he is willing to share his knowledge with them as well. Later, Hemingway describes how the Indian guide uses his lantern during their journey to the camp, however once they reach the road, he blows it out signifying how that road built by the white man now sheds light on where he is, and that is the Indian Camp. Upon their arrival, Nicks father finally finds Shanty, the gravid Indian he must perform surgery on. The Indians in this scene, step away from the lit road, and sit in the dark.Perhaps they are more comfortable in the dark and have no desire to be under the white mans light. Or in this case watch the white man perform surgery. Later, the adult females husband is found dead, and Nicks father tries to hide this harsh reality from his son, but Nick experiences it all in one night. At the beginning of their journey, Nick was led to the camp by the Indian guide with the lantern. Upon his departure, he reaches enlightenment on life in the light of a reinvigorated day. He found a new understanding thanks to a dark skinned Indian guide with a lantern.Symbolically he was guiding Nick to his new perceptions and understanding, at least in my opinion. The metaphors are quite apparent in Hemingways writing. Two opposing cultures, races, and people contrasted throughout in light and dark. Nick had to take the darkness to eventually receive the light. He had to see a different side of life to reach clarity and understanding. Hemingway displays the racial differences and thoughts of both the Indians and white men with his symbolism in this story.

Evil: Mark Twain and Higher Animals

From The Damned Hu gentlemans gentleman Race by fit Twain Mark Twain is a central figure in American literature. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, his finest work, is the story of a journey d feature the Mississippi by two memorable figures, a white boy and a black slave. Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens in 1835 and was raised in Hannibal, Missouri. During his early years, he worked as a riverboat pilot, newspaper reporter, printer, and meretricious prospector.Although his popular image is as the author of such comic works as The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Life on the Mississippi, and The Prince and the Pauper, Twain had a darker side that whitethorn lay down resulted from the bitter experiences of his life financial failure and the deaths of his wife and daughter. His tolerate writings ar savage, satiric, and pessimistic. The following selection is taken from Letters from the Earth, one of his last works. It has been under the title The Damned merciful Race and has bee n printed in numerous essay anthologies.Did todays newspaper feature headlines about people fighting nearwhere in the world (Iraq, Afghanistan, Africa)? Most likely, it did. In the following selection, Mark Twain concludes that the combative and cruel nature of human being beings delivers them the lowest of creatures, non the highest. With scathing irony, he supplies a startling reason for humans warlike nature. The Damned Human Race Mark Twain I pitch been studying the traits and dispositions of the dispirit carnals (so-called), and contrasting them with the traits and dispositions of man.I find the result humiliating to me. For it obliges me to renounce my allegiance to the Darwinian theory of the Ascent of human race from the Lower Animals since it now seems plain to me that the theory ought to be vacated in favor of a new and truer one, this new and truer one to be named the Descent of worldly concern from the Higher Animals. In proceeding toward this unpleasant conclu sion I have not guessed or speculated or conjectured, unless have used what is comm besides called the scientific method. That is to say, I have subjected every postulate that presented itself to the crucial testing of ctual experiment, and have adopted it or rejected it according to the result. Thus I verified and established each step of my lean in its turn in the low place advancing to the next. These experiments were made in the London Zoological Gardens, and covered m some(prenominal) months of painstaking and fatiguing work. Before particularizing any of the experiments, I wish to state one or two things which seem to to a greater extent properly belong in this place than further along. This, in the interest of clearness. The massed experiments established to my satis dismantletion certain generalizations, to wit 1.That the human race is of one distinct species. It exhibits slight variations (in color, stature, mental caliber, and so on) due to climate, environment, and so forth unless it is a species by itself, and not to be muddled with any other. 2. That the quadrupeds are a distinct family, also. This family exhibits variations (in color, size, food preferences, and so on but it is a family by itself). 3. That the other families (the birds, the fishes, the insects, the reptiles, etc. ) are more or less distinct, also. They are in the procession.They are links in the chain which stretches down from the higher puppets to man at the bottom. Some of my experiments were quite curious. In the course of my reading I had come across a case where, many years ago, some break awayers on our Great Plains organized a buffalo hunt for the entertainment of an English earl. They had charming sport. They cleanuped seventy-two of those great zoologys and ate part of one of them and left the seventy-one to rot. In order to determine the difference between an anaconda and an earl (if any) I caused seven young calves to be turned into the anacondas cage.The gr ateful reptile immediately crushed one of them and swallowed it, then rate back satisfied. It showed no further interest in the calves, and no disposition to harm them. I tried this experiment with other anacondas always with the same result. The fact stood proven that the difference between an earl and an anaconda is that the earl is cruel and the anaconda isnt and that the earl wantonly destroys what he has no use for, but the anaconda doesnt. This seemed to suggest that the anaconda was not descended from the earl.It also seemed to suggest that the earl was descended from the anaconda, and had lost a good deal in the transition. I was aware that many men who have accumulated more millions of money than they can ever use have shown a rabid hunger for more, and have not scrupled to cheat the ignorant and the helpless out of their misfortunate servings in order to partially appease that appetite. I furnished a hundred different kinds of wild and tame animals the opportunity to acc umulate vast stores of food, but none of them would do it.The squirrels and bees and certain birds made accumulations, but stopped when they had gathered a winter s supply, and could not be persuaded to add to it either candidly or by chicane. In order to bolster up a tottering reputation the ant pretended to store up supplies, but I was not deceived. I know the ant. These experiments convinced me that there is this difference between man and the higher animals he is avaricious and miserly they are not.In the course of my experiments I convinced myself that among the animals man is the only one that harbors insults and injuries, broods over them, waits till a chance offers, then takes revenge. The passion of revenge is unknow to the higher animals. Roosters keep harems, but it is by consent of their concubines therefore no wrong is done. Men keep harems but it is by brute force, privileged by atrocious laws which the other charge up were allowed no hand in making. In this matter m an occupies a far lower place than the rooster. Cats are loose in their morals, but not consciously so.Man, in his descent from the cat, has brought the cats looseness with him but has left the unconsciousness behind (the saving grace which excuses the cat). The cat is innocent, man is not. Indecency, vulgarity, obscenity (these are rigorously confined to man) he invented them. Among the higher animals there is no trace of them. They hide nothing they are not ashamed. Man, with his soiled mind, covers himself. He will not even enter a drawing room with his breast and back naked, so alive are he and his mates to indecent suggestion.Man is The Animal that Laughs. But so does the monkey, as Mr. Darwin occlusiveed out and so does the Australian bird that is called the laughing jackass. No Man is the Animal that Blushes. He is the only one that does it or has occasion to. At the head of this article we see how three monks were burnt to death a few days ago, and a prior put to death with atrocious cruelty. Do we inquire into the details? No or we should find out that the prior was subjected to unprintable mutilations.Man (when he is a North American Indian) gouges out his prisoners eyes when he is King John, with a nephew to render untroublesome, he uses a red-hot iron when he is a religious zealot dealing with heretics in the Middle Ages, he skins his captive alive and scatters salt on his back in the first Richards time he shuts up a multitude of Jew families in a column and sets fire to it in Columbuss time he captures a family of Spanish Jews and (but that is not printable in our day in England a man is fined ten shillings for beating his mother nearly to death with a chair, and another man is fined forty shillings for having four pheasant eggs in his possession without eing able to satisfactorily explain how he got them). Of all the animals, man is the only one that is cruel. He is the only one that inflicts pain for the pleasure of doing it. It is a trait th at is not known to the higher animals. The cat plays with the frightened mouse but she has this excuse, that she does not know that the mouse is suffering. The cat is moderate (unhumanly moderate she only scares the mouse, she does not hurt it she doesnt ray of light out its eyes, or tear off its skin, or drive splinters under its nails) man-fashion when she is done playing with it she makes a sudden meal of it and puts it out of its trouble. Man is the Cruel Animal. He is alone in that distinction.The higher animals engage in individual fights, but never in organized masses. Man is the only animal that deals in that atrocity of atrocities, War. He is the only one that gathers his brethren about him and goes forth in cold blood and with calm pulse to exterminate his kind. He is the only animal that for sordid wages will march out, as the Hessians did in our Revolution, and as the boyish Prince Napoleon did in the Zulu war, and help to slaughter strangers of his own species who have done him no harm and with whom he has no quarrel. Man is the only animal that robs his helpless fellow of his country takes possession of it and drives him out of it or destroys him. Man has done this in all the ages.There is not an acre of ground on the globe that is in possession of its rightful owner, or that has not been taken away from owner after owner, cycle after cycle, by force and bloodshed. Man is the only Slave. And he is the only animal who enslaves. He has always been a slave in one form or another, and has always held other slaves in bondage under him in one way or another. In our day he is always some mans slave for wages, and does that mans work and this slave has other slaves under him for minor wages, and they do his work. The higher animals are the only ones who exclusively do their own work and provide their own living. Man is the only Patriot.He sets himself apart in his own country, under his own flag, and sneers at the other nations, and keeps multitudinous uniformed assassins on hand at heavy expense to grab slices of other peoples countries, and keep them from grabbing slices of his. And in the intervals between campaigns, he washes the blood off his hands and works for the ecumenical buddyhood of man, with his mouth. Man is the Religious Animal. He is the only Religious Animal. He is the only animal that has the True Religion, several of them. He is the only animal that loves his live as himself, and cuts his throat if his theology isnt straight. He has made a graveyard of the globe in trying his honest best to smooth his brothers path to happiness and heaven.He was at it in the time of the Caesars, he was at it in Mahomets time, he was at it in the time of the Inquisition, he was at it in France a couple of centuries, he was at it in England in Marys day, he has been at it ever since he first saw the light, he is at it today in Crete (as per the telegrams quoted above) he will be at it somewhere else tomorrow. The higher animal s have no religion. And we are told that they are going to be left out, in the Hereafter. I wonder why? It seems questionable taste. Man is the Reasoning Animal. Such is the claim. I sound off it is open to dispute. Indeed, my experiments have proven to me that he is the Unreasoning Animal. Note his history, as sketched above. It seems plain to me that whatever he is he is not a reasoning animal. His memorialise is the fantastic record of a maniac.I consider that the strongest count against his intelligence is the fact that with that record back of him he blandly sets himself up as the head animal of the lot whereas by his own standards he is the bottom one. In truth, man is incurably foolish. Simple things which the other animals easily learn, he is incapable of learning. Among my experiments was this. In an hour I taught a cat and a dog to be friends. I put them in a cage. In another hour I taught them to be friends with a rabbit. In the course of two days I was able to add a fo x, a goose, a squirrel and some doves. Finally a monkey. They lived together in stop even affectionately. Next, in another cage I confined an Irish Catholic from Tipperary, and as soon as he seemed tame I added a Scotch Presbyterian from Aberdeen.Next a Turk from Constantinople a Greek Christian from Crete an Armenian a Methodist from the wilds of Arkansas a Buddhist from China a Brahman from Benares. Finally, a Salvation Army Colonel from Wapping. Then I stayed away two whole days. When I came back to note results, the cage of Higher Animals was all right, but in the other there was but a chaos of gory odds and ends of turbans and fezzes and plaids and bones and flesh not a specimen left alive. These Reasoning Animals had disagreed on a theological detail and carried the matter to a Higher Court. One is obliged to concede that in true loftiness of character, Man cannot claim to get down even the meanest of the Higher Animals.It is plain that he is constitutionally incapable of ap proaching that altitude that he is constitutionally afflicted with a Defect which must make such approach forever impossible, for it is manifest that this defect is permanent in him, indestructible, ineradicable. I find this Defect to be the Moral Sense. He is the only animal that has it. It is the secret of his degradation. It is the quality which enables him to do wrong. It has no other office. It is in capable of performing any other function. It could never hate been intended to perform any other. Without it, man could do no wrong. He would rise at once to the level of the Higher Animals.Since the Moral Sense has but the one office, the one competency (to enable man to do wrong) it is plainly without value to him. It is as valueless to him as is disease. In fact, it manifestly is a disease. Rabies is bad, but it is not so bad as this disease. Rabies enables a man to do a thing, which he could not do when in a healthy state kill his neighbor with a poisonous bite. NC) one is the better man for having rabies The Moral Sense enables a man to do wrong. It enables him to do wrong in a thousand ways. Rabies is an innocent disease, compared to the Moral Sense. No one, then, can be the better man for having the Moral Sense. What now, do we find the Primal excommunicate to have been?Plainly what it was in the beginning the infliction upon man of the Moral Sense the ability to distinguish good from slimy and with it, necessarily, the ability to do evil for there can be no evil act without the presence of consciousness of it in the doer of it. And so I find that we have descended and degenerated, from some far ancestor (some microscopic atom wandering at its pleasure between the mighty horizons of a drop of water perchance) insect by insect, animal by animal, reptile by reptile, down the long highway of smirch less innocence, till we have reached the bottom stage of development (namable as the Human Being). Below us, nothing. Discussion Question How does Twain use satire in this essay? Be specific and refer to the text along with your explanation. Summary resolution Assignment Write a summary response on Twains essay, The Damned Human Race. In the first part of your paper, the summary, you should objectively (without bias) resume the essay by discerning only the most significant points Twain makes. Do not include analysis, interpretation, evaluation, or opinion. Simply report the guts of his essay. enforce academic, third person voice in this section. In the second part of your paper, the response, comment on Twains essay. How do you interpret it? What do you think about it? With which points do you agree or disagree? Why? Evaluate Twains essay. Is it effective or ineffective in making his point? Why? Use first person voice in this section because you are providing your own opinion.

Laura Wingfield

Laura Wingfield is, in many ways, the pivotal character of the play. She is the central think upon which the thematic nuances of kickshaw and misconception play verboten. In fact, Laura is the character about which all the characters possess some misconception. On the whole, this misconception revolves around her perceived weakness, a notion everyone adopts and fails to headspring even in her moments of will. Hence, her reputation as weak becomes more a taxing factor than any actual weakness of her own.Throughout the play, Laura comes from symbolize the fragility of the glass menagerie, and yet her character reveals itself to be less of the transparent and delicate (at least in terms of breaking), and more of the fibrous and compassionate. She cries over her brothers unhappiness, holds fast to her love for Jim, and walked for hours in the cold to avoid typing class in her younger years.Still, however, characters misjudge her. Amanda, her mother, thinks she can relive her youth vi cariously by dint of Laura. Tom and Jim maintain a notion of her as some exotic bird, or perhaps the glass unicorn she possesses.Perhaps the most striking detail illustrating misconception of her is manifest in her moniker, full-bodied roses. Infatuated with Jim in high school, she explains a prolonged absence from class as owing to pleurosis. He mistakes the name of the disease for blue roses, which becomes his nickname for her.Laura has the least lines of the play, only furthering her image as a selfless and isolate character. She stands in dramatic contrast to the selfishness of the rest of her family, who seem to play out their psychological imperatives almost entirely unconscious of their effect on other people. The fact that Laura does not participate in the inequities of the other characters, sets her apart. She remains the plays most enigmatical figure.

Disability is not inability

There is an assertion that everyone was created in Gods image check to the Bible. This has left over(p) many sight baffled on the exact image that is a true face of God. In addition to this, there is the question of which gender he belongs to and this brings us to a question which is is there a person who is 100% normal and perfect? People merchant shipnot acknowledge the fact that everyone is different. A grown number is fond of looking around and stereotyping and this makes people feel discouraged. A school is an institution in which people from different backgrounds converge all with the declare oneself of attaining Education.The diverse background present people who have different body shapes, different body sizes and all sorts of illnesses and physical disabilities. I credit the school as being a turning point of my perception of the physically challenged to an extent of indulging in campaigns that echo the cliche that goes disability is not inability. I was brought up i n a humble background but my parents were able to provide luxuries on top of basic necessities. The neighborhood was friendly and the kids I play with seemed normal to me. At this age, my vocabulary was limited and one of the deficient vocabularies in the little I possessed was disability.Things seemed normal till I enrolled in elementary school. For the first date, I came across a pupil who hobbled around the compound since one of his legs was shorter than the other. This peculiar walking style earned him a encompassing range of nicknames of which he could boast of none. I vividly remember my RECALLING A PERSONAL EXPERIENCE3 close friend likening him with the hyenas of Africa which were featured in National geographic. bum was avoided like a plague since no one wanted to be associated with him. This affected him mentally and he was al modalitys withdrawn for he was always left out while other kids engaged one another in play.Later, I enrolled in high school and by then, I was ab le to key out good from evil. The school proved to be a habitat for all sorts of people who had very different and conflicting views. In the first grade, I met mike who up to date reminds me my former elementary schoolmate John. Mike seemed to have all sorts of disabilities combined. He suffered from polio, a disease that had weakened his legs and he walked around in clutches. To crown his troubles, he was characterially deaf. This implies that walking was a problem and also you had to shout for him to hear.One afternoon as he was walking down the hallway, a group of notorious boys who walked in a gang of six approached him from behind. I had a feeling that something was about to happen and true to my prediction they shoved him out of the way and gave him a send off package of insults. For the first time, I felt like crying because of an injustice not done to me but to a physically challenged person. I did nothing out of the fear of receiving the same treatment from the terror ga ng. To my amazement, a girl came out of nowhere and picked mike and consoled him. I felt so ashamed since I had done nothing. ThisRECALLING A PERSONAL EXPERIENCE4 occurrence disturbed me so much emotionally and when we were having dinner that blushing, I felt that it was the right aftermath to share the disturbing experience. Emotions occupied the best part of my mother to an extent of being unable to eat. It is then that she prescribed an essay which was a personal reflection of a physically challenged individual as he narrated what he underwent while he was in high school. The individual was subjected to humiliation and he remembers a time he was accused of ruining the graduation ceremony by his friends since he could not climb the five stairs.He was also burdened with group name assignments for his friends argued that he had more free time since he did not play. Laurie Stephens has overridden all the prejudices and boasts to be one of the worlds greatest skiers in the world (D orff, 12). The article was more than appeal to me based on how he delivers the words creating a feeling of empathy. This made me realize that I had to make a difference in the society no matter how small it would be. Working with special need kids is not something everybody wants to experience. Having the strength, drive and patience is what one needs to be able to work with special needs people.All through high school, the special needs students had their own classrooms and were not viewed as part of the school. I realized that though I could not be able to offer authoritative assistance and order them to be integrated with other students, I could convince my classmates to associate with the physically challenged and RECALLING A PERSONAL EXPERIENCE5 even visiting their classes. This creates a sense of belonging. However, not all the affected viewed this as a good decision since some viewed that they were being undermined and not being get by human beings.Through exposure to a wi de variety of readings focusing on the physically challenged, I am equipped with the knowledge that while others allow for recognize the efforts, some will just dismiss it on the grounds that one has malicious intentions behind the support. I have enrolled in a part time course which is the sociology of disability. This has enabled me to have a better perception of people with disabilities. This has broadened my mind in the sense that I am able to extend and exchange what I learn in books to real life experiences.I have developed an affection towards people who have physical challenges. No one decides how to be born and also a normal person can become physically challenged due to an accident. An example can be derived from the large number of people who were rendered physically challenged as a result of post effects of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombs. Statistics has it that over 70,000 people died as a result of thermoradiation. However, the disturbing news is that people strain to suffer up to date as a result of the chemical reactions. Many people in these countries are born with malformations (Lindee, 84).The best I can do for such people is to sensitize the community to accept them the way they are and make them feel as fellow human beings. My life has been a journey from ignorance to a full combatant of the physically challenged rights. RECALLING A PERSONAL EXPERIENCE6 I have joined numerous welfare organizations that seek to recognize the less(prenominal) privileged in the society. I am at the forefront in the battle of empowering the disabled in the society. This has transformed me from somebody who just understands disability to someone who has experienced disability.

Lamb: The Gospel According to Biff, Christ’s Childhood Pal Chapter 31

TuesdayWe all slept that night in the top(prenominal) room of Josephs house. In the morning Joshua went downstairs. He was gone for a bit, then came back up the stairs.They wont let me leave, he say.They?The apostles. My own apostles wont let me leave. He went back to the stairway. Youre interfering with the go away of God he shouted down. He turned back to me. Did you tell them non to let me leave?Me? Yep.You bumt do that.I sent Nathaniel to Simons to fetch Maggie. He returned alone. Maggie wouldnt talk to him, hardly Martha did. Temple s octogenarianiers had been there, Josh.So?What do you mean, so? They were there to arrest you.Let them.Joshua, you dont defy to sacrifice yourself to prove this point. Ive been signifying about it all night. You can negotiate.With the Lord?Abraham did it. Remember? everywhere the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah. He starts out get under ones skinting the Lord to agree to spare the cities if he can find fifty righteous men, but by the re mnant, he talks God down to ten. You can try something like that.Thats not completely the point, Biff. Here he came over to me, but I found I couldnt look him in the eye, so I went to one of the large arched windows that looked down on the street. Im afraid of this of whats going to happen. I can think of a dozen things Id rather do this week than be sacrificed, but I know that it has to happen. When I told the priests that I would tear the Temple down in tether days, I meant that all the corruption, all the pretense, all the ritual of the Temple that keeps men from knowing God would be destroyed. And on the third day, when I cut back, everything go away be new, and the kingdom of God leave be everywhere. Im coming back, Biff.Yeah, I know, you say that.Well, conceptualise in me.Youre not good at resurrections, Josh. Remember the old woman in Japhia? The soldier in Sepphoris, what did he last? Three minutes?But look at Maggies brother Simon. Hes been back from the dead for mon ths now.Yeah, and he smells funny.He does not. nary(prenominal) really, when you get close to him he smells spoi lead.How would you know? You wont get close to him because he used to be a leper.Thaddeus mentioned it the other day. He said, Biff, I believe this Simon Lazarus fellow has spoilight-emitting diode.Really? Then lets go ask Thaddeus.He might not remember.Joshua went down the step to a low-ceilinged room with a photomosaic floor and small windows cut high in the walls. Joshuas mother and brother James had joined the apostles. They all sat there against the walls, their faces turned to Joshua like flowers to the sun, delay for him to say something that would give them hope.Im going to wash your feet, he said. To Joseph of Arimathea, he said, I impoverishment a basin of water and a sponge. The tall aristocrat bow down and went off to find a servant.What a pleasant surp revoke, Mary said.James the brother rolled his eyes and sighed heavily.Im going out, I said. I looked at asshole, as if to say, Dont let him out of your sight. He understood perfectly and nodded.Come back for the seder, Joshua said. I have some things I have to teach you in the critical time I have left wing. at that place was no one home at Simons house. I knocked on the door for a long time, then in conclusion let myself in. There was no evidence of a morning meal, but the mikveh had been used, so I guessed that they had each bathed and then gone to the Temple. I walked the streets of Jerusalem, trying to think of some solution, but everything I had learned seemed useless. As evening fell I make my way back to Josephs house, taking the long route so I didnt have to pass the castle of the high priest.Joshua was endureing inside, sitting on the steps to the upper room, when I came in. Peter and Andrew sat on every side of him, obviously there to ensure that he didnt accidentally skip down to the high priest and turn himself in for blasphemy.Where have you been? Joshua said. I ne ed to wash your feet.Do you have all idea how unstated it is to find a ham in Jerusalem during Passover week? I said. I persuasion it would be nice, you know, some ham on matzo with a little bitter herb.He washed us all, Peter said. Of course we had to hold baronet down, but even hes clean.And as I washed them, they will go out and wash others, by showing them forgiveness.Oh, I get it, I said. Its a parable. Cute. Lets go eat.We all lay around the big table, with Joshua at the head. Joshuas mother had prepared a traditional Passover supper, with the exception of the lamb. To begin the seder, Nathaniel, who was the youngest, had to ask a question. wherefore is this night different from every other night of the year?Barts feet are clean? said Thomas.Joseph of Arimathea is picking up the tab? said Philip.Nathaniel laughed and shook his head. No. Its because other nights we eat starting line and matzo, but tonight we only eat matzo. Jeez. He grinned, probably feeling smart for the first time in his life.And why do we only eat the matzo on this night? asked Nathaniel.Skip ahead, Nate, I said. Were all Jews here. Summarize. Unleavened bread because there was no time for it to rise with Pharaohs soldiers on our tail, bitter herbs for the bitterness of slavery, God delivered us into the Promised Land, it was swell, lets eat.Amen, said everyone.That was pathetic, said Peter.Yeah, was it? I said angrily. Well, we sit here with the Son of God, waiting for someone to come and beat back him away and hide him, and none of us is going to do a damn thing about it, including God, so forgive me if Im not egest all over myself about having been delivered out of the gifts of the Egyptians about a million years ago.Youre forgiven, said Joshua. Then he stood up. What I am, is in you all. The worshipful Spark, the Holy Ghost, it unites you all. It is the God that is in you all. Do you understand that?Of course God is part of you, James the brother said, hes your father.No, in all of you. Watch, take this bread. He took a matzo and broke it into pieces. He gave a piece to everyone in the room and took a piece himself. Then he ate it. Now, the bread is part of me, the bread is me. Now all of you eat it.Everybody looked at him.EAT IT He screamed.So we ate it. Now it is part of you, I am part of you. You all divide the same part of God. Lets try again. Hand me that wine.And so it went like that, for a couple of hours, and I think that by the time the wine was gone, the apostles actually grasped what Joshua was reflection to them. Then the begging started, as each of us pleaded for Joshua to give up the notion that he had to die to save the rest of us.Before this is finished, he said, you will all have to deny me.No we wont, said Peter.You will deny me three times, Peter. I not only expect this, I command it. If they take you when they take me, then there is no one to take the good news to the people. Now, Judas, my friend, come here.Judas went to Joshu a, who whispered in his ear, then sent him back to his bulge out at the table. One of you will betray me this very night, said Joshua. Wont you, Judas?What? Judas looked around at us, but when he saw no one coming to his defense, he bolted down the steps. Peter started after him, but Joshua caught the fisherman by the hair and yanked him back off of his feet.Let him go.But the high priests palace isnt a furlong away, said Joseph of Arimathea. If he goes there right away.Joshua held his hand up for silence. Biff, go directly to Simons house and wait. Alone you can sneak by the palace without being seen. Tell Maggie and the others to wait for us. The rest of us will go through the city and through the Ben Hinnon valley so we dont have to pass the priests palace. Well meet you in Bethany.I looked at Peter and Andrew. You wont let him turn himself in?Of course not.I was off into the night, wondering even as I ran whether Joshua had changed his mind and was going to escape from Bethany into the Judean desert. I should have known right then that Id been had. You think you can trust a guy, then he turns around and lies to you.Simon answered the door and let me in. He held his leaf to his lips, signalling me to be quiet. Maggie and Martha are in the back. Theyre angry with you. All of you. Now theyll be angry with me for letting you in.Sorry, I said.He shrugged. What can they do? Its my house.I went directly through the front room into a second room that opened off to bedchambers, the mikveh, and the courtyard where food was prepared. I heard voices coming from one of the bedchambers. When I walked in, Maggie looked up from braiding Marthas hair.So, youve come to tell me that its done, she said. Tears welled up in her eyes and I felt as if I would break down with her if she started weep now.No, I said. He and the others are on their way here. Through Ben Hinnon, so it will be a few hours. But I have a plan. I pulled the ying-yang amulet that Joy had given me out o f my tunic and vibrated it before them.Your plan is to bribe Joshua with ugly jewelry? asked Martha.I pointed to the tiny stoppers on all side of the amulet. No, my plan is to poison him.I explained how the poison worked to Mary and Martha and then we waited, counting the time in our imaginations, observation in our minds eyes as the apostles made their way through Jerusalem, out the Essene gate, into the steep valley of Ben Hinnon, where thousands of tombs had been carved into the rock, and where once a river had run, but now was only sage and cypress and thistles clinging to the crevices in the limestone. After several hours we went outside to wait in the street, then when the moon started down and the night made way into early morning, we saw a hit figure coming from the west, not the south as we had expected. As he got closer I could tell from heavy shoulders and the moon shining on his bald-headed pate that it was John.They took him, he said. At Gethsemane. Annas and Caipha is came themselves, with Temple guards, and they took him.Maggie ran into my arms and buried her face in my chest. I reached out and pulled Martha close as well.What was he doing at Gethsemane? I said. You were supposed to be coming here through Ben Hinnon.He only told you that.That bastard lied to me. So they arrested everyone?No, the others are hiding not far from here. Peter tried to fight the guards, but Joshua stopped him. Joshua negotiated with the priests to let us go. Joseph came too, he helped talk them into letting the rest of us go.Joseph? Joseph betrayed him?I dont know, said John. Judas was the one that led them to Gethsemane. He pointed Joshua out to the guards. Joseph came later, when they were about to arrest the rest of us.Where did they take him?To the palace of the high priest. Thats all I know, Biff. I promise.He sat down hard in the middle of the street and began to weep. Martha went to him and cradled his head to her breast.Maggie looked up at me. He knew you w ould fight. Thats why he sent you here.The plan doesnt change, I said. We just have to get him back so we can poison him.John looked up from Marthas embrace. Did you change sides when I wasnt here?WednesdayAt first light Maggie and I were pounding on Josephs door. A servant let us in. When Joseph came out from his bedchamber I had to hold Maggie back to keep her from attacking him.You betrayed himI did not, said Joseph.John said you were with the priests, I said.I was. I followed them up to keep them from killing Joshua for trying to escape, or in self-defense, right there at Gethsemane.What do you mean, in self-defense?They fate him dead, Maggie, Joseph said. They want him dead, but they dont have the permission to execute him, dont you understand that? If I hadnt been there they could have murdered him and said that hed attacked them first. The Romans are the only ones who have the authority to have someone killed.Herod had John the Baptist killed, I said. There were no Romans i nvolved in that.Jakan and his thugs stone people all of the time, Maggie said. Without Roman approval.Think, you two. This is Passover week. The city is crawling with Romans watching for rebellious Jews. The entire Sixth Legion is here, plus all of Pilates personal guard from Caesarea. Normally thered only be a handful. The high priests, the Sanhedrin, the Pharisee council, even Herod will think twice before they do anything outside the letter of Roman law. Dont panic. There hasnt even been a trial in the Sanhedrin yet.When will there be a trial?This afternoon, probably. They have to bring everyone in. The prosecution is gathering witnesses against Joshua.What about witnesses for him? I asked.Thats not how it works, said Joseph. Ill speak for him, and so will my friend Nicodemus, but other than that Joshua will have to defend himself.Swell, Maggie said.Who is prosecuting him?I thought youd know, Joseph said, cringing slightly. The one who started the Sanhedrin plots against Joshua t he other two times, Jakan bar Iban.Maggie whirled around and glared at me. You should have killed him.Me? You had cardinal years to push the guy down the steps or something.Theres still time, she said.That wont help Joshua now, said Joseph. Just hope that the Romans wont hear his case.You sound as if hes already convicted, I said.Ill do my best. Joseph didnt sound very confident.Get us in to see him.And let them arrest the two of you? I dont think so. You stay here. You can have the upper rooms to yourselves. Ill come back or send word as soon as anything happens.Joseph hugged Maggie and kissed her on the top of the head, then left the room to get dressed.Do you trust him? Maggie said.He warned Joshua before when they wanted to kill him.I dont trust him.Maggie and I waited all day in the upper room, jumping to our feet every time we heard footsteps going by in the street, until we were exhausted and shaking from worry. I asked one of Josephs servant girls to go down to the palace o f the high priest to see what was going on. She returned a short time later to report that the trial was still going on.Maggie and I made a nest of the cushions under the wide arched window in the front, so we could hear the slightest noise coming from the street, but as night started to fall, the footsteps became fewer and far between, the distant singing from the Temple faded, and we settled into each others arms, a single lump of low, agonizing grief. Sometime after dark we made love together for the first time since the night before Joshua and I left for the Orient. All those years had passed, and yet it seemed familiar. That first time, so long ago, making love was a desperate way to share the grief we felt because we were each about to lose someone we loved. This time we were losing the same person. This time, we slept afterward.Joseph of Arimathea didnt come home.ThursdayIt was Simon and Andrew who stormed up the steps to wake us Thursday morning. I threw my tunic over Magg ie and jumped to my feet in just a loincloth. As soon as I saw Simon I felt the heat rise in my face.You treacherous bastard I was too angry to hit him. I just stood there screaming at him. You cowardIt wasnt him, screamed Andrew in my ear.It wasnt me, said Simon. I tried to fight the guards when they came to get Joshua. Peter and I both did.Judas was your friend. You and your Zealot bullshitHe was your friend too.Andrew pushed me away. Enough It wasnt Simon. I saw him face two guards with spears. Leave him be. We dont have time for your tantrum, Biff. Joshua is being flogged at the high priests palace.Wheres Joseph? Maggie said. Shed dressed while I had been railing at Simon.Hes gone on to the praetorium that Pilate set up at the Antonia Palace by the Temple.What the hells he doing there if Joshua is being beaten at the palace in this end of the city?Thats where theyll take Joshua next. He was convicted of blasphemy, Biff. They want a death sentence. Pontius Pilate is the ruling au thority in Judea. Joseph knows him, hes going to ask for Joshuas release.What do we do? What do we do? I was starting to get hysterical. Since I could remember, my friendship with Joshua had been my anchor, my reason for being, my life now it, he, was running toward destruction like a storm-driven ship to a reef, and I couldnt think of a thing to do but panic. What do we do? What do we do? I panted, the breath refusing to fill my lungs. Maggie grabbed me by the shoulders and shook me.You have a plan, remember. She tugged on the amulet around my neck.Right, right, I said, taking a deep breath. Right. The plan. I grabbed my tunic and slipped it over my head. Maggie helped me wrap the sash.Im sorry, Simon, I said.He forgave me with the wave of a hand. What do we do?If theyre taking Joshua to the praetorium, thats where we go. If Pilate releases him then well need to get him out of there. Theres no telling what Josh will do to get them to kill him.We were waiting along with a huge crowd outside the Antonia Palace when the Temple guards brought Joshua to the front gates. The high priest, Caiaphas, wearing his blue robes and with a jewel-encrusted chest piece, led the procession. His father, Annas, who had been the high priest previously, followed right behind. A column of guards surrounded Joshua in the middle of the procession. We could just see him amid the guards, and I could tell that someone had put a fresh tunic on him, but there were stripes of blood soaking through the back. He looked as if he was in a trance.There was a great deal of posturing and shouting between the Temple guards, and from somewhere in the procession Jakan came forward and started arguing with the soldiers as well. It was obvious that the Romans were not going to let the Temple guards enter the praetorium, so the transfer of the prisoner was going to take place there at the gate or not at all. I was measuring whether I could sneak through the crowd, snap Jakans neck, and sneak back out w ithout jeopardizing our plan when I felt a hand on my shoulder. I looked around to see Joseph of Arimathea.At least it wasnt a Roman scourge they lashed him with. He took thirty-nine lashes, but it was just leather, not the lead-tipped strike that the Romans use. That would have killed him.Where were you? What took so long?The prosecution took forever. Jakan went on half the night, taking testimony from witnesses who had obviously never even heard of Joshua, let alone seen any crime.What about the defense? asked Maggie.Well, I put forth a defense of good deeds, but it was so overwhelmed by the accusations that it was lost in the noise. Joshua didnt say a word in his own defense. They asked him if he was the Son of God and he said yes. That confirmed the blasphemy charge. Its all they needed, really.What happens now? Did you talk to Pilate?I did.And?

Satire Essay

These fossils re under a lot Of pressure and heat for hundreds on thousands Of years, and in result is a dark substance known as Kerosene. These Kerosene molecules then eventu entirelyy break down into petroleum or natural gas and ar pumped into your gas tanks. That is right your car is test on a limited supply of dead plants and dead fish souls. So now lets flip the script. Remember that guy you stepped over on the panache to work in the morning? Remember the smell of his body that lightly brushed over your nostrils as you cargon wide-eyedy avoided him. That man is a part of an implausibly high population of homeless people in America.The amount of homeless people is roughly estimated to 2. 3 million to 3. 5 million people. That approximately 1 in 10 people living on the streets with no job, no car, and no responsibilities. If only there was away to supply the country with cheaper and more handsome alternative to gasoline that is so very needed. If only we had camps that house d the homeless in return for nothing but physical labor. homeless people atomic number 18 full of natural oils. The absence of showers and bathing ensures us that the homeless will not be ridding themselves of their daily odors.What plaques teenagers with acne can power cars and trucks? If only we could store the oils the homeless are probably bathing in. How do we reach the oils? When we shower the precious oils are mixed in a container of water and soap, and that is not good for cars. So mayhap this idea is unrealistic after all. Human pores are cleansed through a very basic process that everyone goes through, sweating. The blood stream carries excess heat in the body towards the surface of the skin, which triggers the sweat glands. These glands that produce sweat are a combi body politic Of water, salt, and amino acids.Then the sweat escapes into a tiny hole in the skin. These holes are known as pores and they produce natural oils of the body that are usually left undisturbed o n the skin of the homeless. The sweat, while passing through the pores, shoots the oils come forth and allows the body to create more gold. The sweat of the homeless is an endless fountain of resources, resources that can run your cars just as well as gasoline. So all we need to do is get the homeless people sweating. But how can we convince them to live a life of physical labor and sweat? So what do homeless people need the most? They need a job.But the homeless are not a very central organization they are coated all around the world. So all we have to do is gather them together and give them homes in the desert. Now we have all the homeless people in one place, sweating together and for a common good. Now what? The sweat must be collected, stored, and shipped out to various companies around the country. Homeless people are a walking gold mine of natural resources. The harvesting of resources is as simple as getting them to jog a intersection or even do push-ups. By furnishing ou r own fuel through the body of the homeless We can establish our dominance as a nation around the country.

Investigation of the Probiotic Properties of Bacterial Strains from Two Probiotic Drinks and Their Survivability in Artificial Gastric Juice

Investigation of the probiotic properties of bacterial strains from dickens probiotic drinks and their surviv world power in artificial gastric juice ABSTRACT Two probiotic drinks were investigated in vitro to test their ability to survive acidic conditions and their probiotic factors. Both the returns Actimel and Yakult curb gram-positive bacteria, but Actimel also has a gram-negative bacteria. The ability to survive was investigated by adding artificial gastric juice to the products and incubating at different times.Actimel and Yakult were both able to survive the gastric juice. Actimel produced much colonies than Yakult but they both lost the same percentage of viability. The longer the time incubated the more the loss of viability. Introduction In recent years health promoting functional foods has entered the global market as a result of increased prevalence of life-style related diseases (A. A. Aramide et al, 2009). People use functional foods and diet to maintain optimal health. Consumption of probiotics is one of the ways someone could reach and maintain their optimal health.A probiotic is spirit microorganisms, which upon ingestion in certain numbers, exert health benefits beyond inherent basic nutrition (Todd R. Klaenhammer, 2000). According to the WHO/FAO report 2001 these probiotics can help prevent disorders associated with the gastrointestinal tract, diarrhoea caused by certain pathogenic bacteria and viruses, inflammatory diseases, allergies and a lot more. Actimel and Yakult is a couple of the said probiotic drinks. They claim to increase your bodys natural defences by fighting off the bad bacteria. Actimel is a yogurt-type drink produced by a company called Danone.It has three strains of bacteria, two traditional yoghurt farmings Lactobacillus bulgaricusandstrep thermophiles and a third one called L. casei Imunitass (http//www. actimel. co. uk/About/-WhatIsActimel. aspx, Accessed Feb, 28, 2010). Lactobacillus is a genus of bacteria that aid in the conversion of lactose to lactic acid hence increasing sourness in the stomach making it hard for harmful bacteria to survive (http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Lactobacillus, Accessed Feb 28, 2010). Actimel contains 10 billion L. casei Imunitass bacteria per ampere-secondml bottle.This bacterial strain works under a wide range of pH and temperature hence able to survive the acidic conditions in the stomach. This ensures that the bacteria reach the gut alive and active. It helps by topping up the good bacteria in the stomach and making it hard for the germs to survive. The bacteria also aids in streng accordinglying the gut wall so that wholly certain nutrients can pass. In 2004 a trial carried out to find the effect of Actimel on the immune response of subjects under academic examination melodic phrase showed that Actimel was able to control the number of lymphocytes and CD56 cells in subjects under academic examination stress.Other studies also show that the Actimel bacte rial strains can be used in treating supersensitised rhinitis, prevention of diarrhoea and induce immune responses. On the other hand Yakult is milk based probiotic and contains only one strain of bacteria LactobacilluscaseiShirota. It is produced and distributed by Yakult Honsha Co. Ltd. It contains 6. 5 billion L. casei Shirota per 65ml bottle. A variety of scientific studies have shown that Yakult has an effect on the human NK-cell activity, intestinal micro flora and immune parameters in humans.As a rule of thumb a probiotic microorganisms should be resistant to gastric juices and be able to grow in the presence of bile under conditions in the intestines. The aim of this experiment is to bank bill the survivability of the strains in artificial gastric juice and to identify the bacterial strains said to be in the product. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gram Stain Firstly the bacteria were heat unflinching according to the instruction in the lab manual. After heat fixing, crystal viole t stain was added to the bacteria for 2 minutes, whence washed in weewee and Lugols iodine for 30 seconds.The bacteria were decolorised by adding 95% alcoholic beverage for 15 seconds followed by a water wash and counter stain with safranine for 1 minute. This was then washed with water and examined under high power (x100) using oil immersion. A picture of these strains each from Actimel and Yakult directly and pure culture was interpreted. desoxyribonucleic acid Extraction To extract the deoxyribonucleic acid, 1 ml of culture was centrifuged for 5 minutes. The pellet was re suspended in 480 ? l of 50mM EDTA with 60 ? l of 10mg/ml lysozyme then incubated at 370C for 45 minutes, centrifuged for 2 minutes and re suspended in 600 ? of nuclei lysis solution and incubated at 800C for 5 minutes. After cooling trim back 3 ? l of RNAase was added and left to incubate at 370C for 30 minutes. The mixture was left to cool and 200 ? l of protein precipitation solution was added, left on ic e for 5minutes followed by high speed (13000rpm) centrifuging for 5 minutes. The supernatant was then added to 600 ? l of isopropanol and mixed until DNA threads were formed and centrifuged for 15 minutes. The DNA pellet was washed with 200 ? l of 70% ethanol and centrifuged for 2 minutes. The ethanol was then removed and the DNA left to air dry and then re suspended in 50 ? of sterile water. PCR of chromosomal DNA A 2 ? l of the DNA was added to 1 ? l of AmpF primer(GAGAGTTTGATYCTGGCTCAG), 1 ? l of AmpR (AAGGAGGTGATCCARCCGCA) primer, 2 ? l of dNTPs, 10 ? l of x10 PCR buffer, 83 ? l of water and 1 ? l of Taq polymerase was added. This mixture was placed in the Promega Wizard Chromosomal DNA preparation kit and decease according to the manufacturers guidelines. PCR Purification The PCR reaction contents were added to a 1. 5 ml Eppendorf tube with 500 ? l of buffer PB1. This was centrifuged at high speed in the spin editorial for 30 seconds.A 750 ? l of buffer PE was added to the sp in column and centrifuged for 1 minute. The spin column was then placed in an Eppendorf tube and 50 ? l of water was added and centrifuged for a further 1 minute. A 15 ? l of this PCR product was added to 5 ? l of Gel loading buffer and was run at 50 V for 2 hours. 20 ? l of the PCR product was then sent to the behind Innes sequencing service for sequencing. Media Preparation To media was prepared by adding 37g of Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) to 1 litre of distilled water and mixed using a magnetic stirrer.This was then added to a conical flask with 3g of agar and autoclaved at 1210C, 15 psi for 10 minutes. The media was then microwaved and poured onto petri dishes with Bunsen burner going, to sterilise the air around. Survival Studies For carrying out the extract studies, 5 ml of the product was added to 25 ml of artificial gastric juice and left to incubate at 370C for 30, 60 and 90 minutes. The product was taken from different bottles to ensure replicates. After incubation the mi xture was then diluted to 10-5 for Yakult and 10-7 for Actimel. This was spread onto a petri dish and was left to incubate.The plates were then counted and the number of CFU/ ml was calculated. RESULTS Culturing bacteria Firstly the number of colony forming unit (cfu) per ml was worked out by culturing the bacteria from the probiotic products and counting the number of colonies formed. This was then used to work out cfu/ acid by using the volume they are produced in, which are 100 ml and 65 ml of Actimel and Yakult respectively. dining table 1 Class data of cfu/ml and cfu/ demigod of bacteria in the product Yakult(cfu/ml) Yakult(cfu/ superman) Actimel(cfu/ml) Actimel(cfu/dose) 4. 21. x 109 2. x 1011 4. 36 x 109 4. 36 x 1011 4. 14 x 109 2. 86 x 1011 2. 6 x 108 2. 6 x 1010 9. 7 x 10 9 7. 8x 1010 2. 1 x 109 2. 1 x 1011 1 x 109 6. 3 x 109 7. 5 x 108 7. 5 x 1010 1. 6 x 109 6. 5 x 1010 5. 5. 2x 108 5. 5 x 1010 9 x 107 5. 8 x 109 1 x 1010 1 x 1012 7 x 107 4. 5 x 109 2. 5 x 109 2. 5 x 1011 4. 6 x 109 2. 99 x 1011 1. 21x 109 1. 21x 1011 1. 68 x 108 1. 09 x 1010 4. 3 x 1010 4. 3 x 1012 4. 02 x 108 2. 61 x 1010 1. 18 x 109 1. 18 x 1011 9. 1 x 107 5. 9 x 109 2. 89 x 108 2. 89 x 1010 1 x 108 6. 5 x 109 2. 7 x 109 2. 7 x 1011 x 108 3. 2 x 1010 3. 6 x 109 3. 6 x 1011 3. 4 x 107 2. 2. x109 2. 7 x 109 2. 7 x 1011 2. 39 x108 1. 5 x 1010 3. 78 x 109 3. 78 x 1011 9. 7 x 107 6. 3 x 109 5. 0 x 1010 5. 0 x 1012 1 x 108 6. 5 x 109 1. 4 x 109 1. 4 x 1011 1 x 108 6. 5 x 109 2. 6 x 109 2. 6 x 1011 To compare the symbolize differences between these two products an independent t test was carried out assuming equal variance. Table 2 Independent t-test of the class data for cfu/dose on Actimel and Yakult Independent t-test Mean Standard Deviation SE Mean P Value cfu/dose Actimel 7. 9 x 1011 1. 45 x 1012 3. 41 x 1011 0. 056 Yakult 6. 29 x 1010 1. 04 x 1011 2. 46 x 1010 The mean shows that Actimel contains 10 times more bacteria than Yakult on average. But only the mean is not signific ant to come to a conclusion as this could be because of sample variation. The P value from the t-test is 0. 056 which is greater than 0. 05 (P0. 05) hence the difference between the mean of the two products are not significantly different from zero at the 5% confidence level. Gram Stain Figure 1 shows the gram stain images from Actimel (i) and Yakult (ii).Figure 1 shows the gram stain images from Actimel (i) and Yakult (ii). Gram stained slides of both Actimel and Yakult were captured onto a computer at x1000 magnification. From the images you can see that Yakult is stained all in one semblance but the Actimel contains two different coloured stains. Survival studies To test the survivability of the bacteria they were incubated with artificial gastric juice for 30 60 and 90 minutes. The colonies were then counted Table 3 Viable counts of survival studies at different time and different replicates ActimelTime/min 1 2 3 Mean CFU/ml CFU/dose 0 329 69 1088 371. 5 3. 72 x 1010 3. 72 x 1 012 30 321 39 880 322. 5 3. 23 x 1010 3. 23 x 1012 60 309 28 740 286. 8 2. 87 x 1010 2. 87 x 1012 90 204 24 642 238. 8 2. 39 x 1010 2. 39 x 1012 Yakult 1 2 3 Mean CFU/ml CFU/dose 0 312 135 53 125. 0 1. 25 x 108 8. 13 x 109 30 190 134 11 96. 3 9. 63 x 107 6. 26 x 109 60 159 130 11 92. 5 9. 25 x 107 6. 01 x 109 90 149 84 8 81. 5 8. 15 x 107 5. 3 x 109 The table shows that colonies on both Actimel and Yakult decrease all over time in all the replicates.Both the products decreased to somewhat 65% of its original count. A graph (Figure 2) was plotted with the CFU/dose against time on a log scale and it showed a linear decline over time in both the products. DNA Extraction Figure 3 shows the Chromosomal DNA gelatine image. Figure 3 shows the Chromosomal DNA gel image. The DNA from the bacteria was extracted and gel electrophoresis was carried out to ensure that a DNA was obtained from the extraction procedure. Lanes 3 and 4 have migrated towards the positive side presentation that c hromosomal DNA was obtained.PCR Purification After the DNA underwent the PCR process, the PCR product was purified and run on a gel electrophoresis to check if PCR product has been obtained. Figure 4 shows the image of PCR product run under electrophoresis. Figure 4 shows the image of PCR product run under electrophoresis. As the image shows there is a PCR product obtained as there is a distinct band in lanes 2 and 3. DNA Sequencing The PCR product was then sent to the John Innes centre for sequencing and the following taking over was obtained.Actimel GGGTCGGGGCGGGTGCTATACATGCAGTCGAACGAGTTCTCGTTGATGATCGGTGCTTGCACCGAGATTCAACATGGAACGAGTGGCGGACGGGTGAGTAACACGTGGGTAACCTGCCCTTAAGTGGGGGATAACATTTGGAAACAGATGCTAATACCGCATAGATCCAAGAACCGCATGGTTCTTGGCTGAAAGATGGCGTAAGCTATCGCTTTTGGATGGACCCGCGGCGTATTAGCTAGTTGGTGAGGTAATGGCTCACCAAGGCGATGATACGTAGCCGAACTGAGAGGTTGATCGGCCACATTGGGACTGAGACACGGCCCAAACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCACAATGGACGCAAGTCTGATGGAGCAACGCCGCGTGAGTGAAGAAGGCTTTCGGGTCGTAAAACTCTGTTGTTGGAG AAGAATGGTCGGCAGAGTAACTGTTGTCGGCGTGACGGTATCCAACCAGAAAGCCACGGCTAACTACGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACGTAGGTGGCAAGCGTTATCCGGATTTATTGGGCGTAAAGCGAGCGCAGGCGGTTTTTTAAGTCTGATGTGAAAGCCCTCGGCTTAACCGAGGAAGCGCATCGGAAACTGGGAAACTTGAGTGCAGAAGAGGACAGTGGAACTCCATGTGTAGCGGTGAAATGCGTAGATATATGGAAGAACACCAGTGGCGAAGGCGGCTGTCTGGTCTGTAACTGACGCTGAGGCTCGAAAGCATGGGTAGCGAACAGGATTAGATACCCTGGTAGTCCATGCCGTAAACGATGAATGCTAGGTGTTGGAGGGTTTCCGCCCTTCAGTGCCGCAGCTAACGCATTAAGCATTCCGCCTGGGGAGTACGACCGCAAGGTTGAAACTCAAAGGAATTGACGGGGGCCCGCACAAGCGGTGGAGCATGTGGTTTAA Yakult TAGGAGTGGGCGCGTGCCTATACATGCAAGTCGAACGAGTTCTCGTTGATGATCGGTGCTTGCACCGAGATTCAACATGGAACGAGTGGCGGACGGGTGAGTAACACGTGGGTAACCTGCCCTTAAGTGGGGGATAACATTTGGAAACAGATGCTAATACCGCATAGATCCAAGAACCGCATGGTTCTTGGCTGAAAGATGGCGTAAGCTATCGCTTTTGGATGGACCCGCGGCGTATTAGCTAGTTGGTGAGGTAATGGCTCACCAAGGCGATGATACGTAGCCGAACTGAGAGGTTGATCGGCCACATTGGGACTGAGACACGGCCCAAACTCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCACAATGGACGCAAGTCTGATGGAGCAACGCCGCGTGAGTGAAGAAGGCTTTCGGGTCGTAAAACTCTGTTGTTGGAGAAGAATGGTCGGCAGAGTAACTGTTGTCGGCGTGA CGGTATCCAACCAGAAAGCCACGGCTAACTACGTGCCAGCAGCCGCGGTAATACGTAGGTGGCAAGCGTTATCCGGATTTATTGGGCGTAAAGCGAGCGCAGGCGGTTTTTTAAGTCTGATGTGAAAGCCCTCGGCTTAACCGAGGAAGCGCATCGGAAACTGGGAAACTTGAGTGCAGAAGAGGACAGTGGAACTCCATGTGTAGCGGTGAAATGCGTAGATATATGGAAGAACACCAGTGGCGAAGGCGGCTGTCTGGTCTGTAACTGACGCTGAGGCTCGAAAGCATGGGTAGCGAACAGGATTAGATACCCTGGTAGTCCATGCCGTAAACGATGAATGCTAGGTGTTGGAGGGTTTCCGCCCTTCAGTGCCGCAGCTAACGCATTAAGCATTCCGCCTGGGGAGTACGACCGCAAGGTTGAAACTCAAAGGAATTGACGGGGCCCGCACAAGCGGTGGGA Figure 5 shows the graphical summary of strong hits in the database of Yakult (i) and Actimel (i). Figure 5 shows the graphical summary of strong hits in the database of Yakult (i) and Actimel (i).This sequence was then run through the BLAST analysis to identify the probiotic isolate. Discussion A Probiotic must be able to survive the conditions of the stomach and pass through to the gut without significant loss. The bacteria found in the probiotics are cultured on petri dishes to test the amount of colonies present in the pr oduct. As mentioned above Actimel contains 10 billion per 100 ml and Yakult contains 6. 5 billion per 65 ml. From the t-test there was no significant difference in the content of the two products (Table 1). This was imputable to the fact that they both contain 100 million bacteria per ml of product. From the gram stain images both Actimel and Yakult was stained with the same conditions.But Yakult had only one stain whereas Actimel had two different stains. This is due to the fact that there is more than one species of bacteria in Actimel. The colour of the staining represents two different types of bacteria gram-negative and gram-positive. All species of the lactobacillus genus are gram-positive. Gram-positive organisms retain the stain when they are stained with crystal violet but gram negative organisms lose their purple/violet stain when washed with alcohol but when retain safranin stain. Therefore the Yakult contains only gram positive bacteria (L. casei Shirota) while Actimel c ontains both gram positive and gram negative bacteria (Figure 1). From the survival studies we can

Australian education trends Essay

It is often cognize that grooming forms the backbone of stinting development and step-up in any nation. The investment in pre- cultivate, main(a) and secondary education as s closely up as residential area college education ensures availability of human neat endowed with relevant skills and k straightwayledge for enhanced productivity. This has proven to be a necessity for sustained economic development in any rude in the world. Educated people are in no doubt different from the un improve or less educated in a variety shipway (Tiffen, & Gittins, 2004).At the outset, the difference is eminent in attitudes and behavior, in their well being and health status, income as well as values imageing morals, religion, politics and employment among others. By instilling these positive characteristics to individuals in the union, education has consequently transformed the world people live in from the grey ignorance-ridden era to the technologically-advanced modern life (Tiffen, & G ittins, 2004). Australia has experient a steady amplification in education aims in the last century.The regime has in the past centralized accompaniment of education and imposed risque taxes on risque income earners in an attempt to finance education. Students are not spared either in this plan and contribute been included in the handlingr pays teaching where they reimburse for the education go received. However, this scheme has affected education in many countries and how the political relation plans to appliance the principle together with high taxation is a matter of concern.In Australia, the Government provides public funding for non- presidency schools as well as substantial assistance to government academic origin. Funding of state government schools is the primary responsibility of States and territories (Laporte, & Ringold, 1997). These organs can also provide assistance to non-governmental institutions of learning. It is estimated that more than two thirds o f the students in non-government academic institutions are affiliated to Catholic as a religion.Australian education transcription is a three tier model where babyren enroll in Kindergarten at the age of just about five years, wherefore graduate to primary followed by secondary levels from year one to twelfth year and finally 3rd education (Harrison, 2002). Education is mandatory for the children aged between five to about sixteen years however the federal government caters for the university education. This system of rules has ensured a reduced school life expectancy thereby enhancing educational development in the country (Centre for Educational Research and Innovation, 2008).This however draws a sharp contrast to the old system. Australian education system was highly stratified and that whole infants and primary education were provided for the children. Additionally, Selection for high school education was very competitive, and favored the siblings of specific people who employ to be prominent in the society (Henry, 1990).These individuals included industrialists, agriculturalists as well as businessmen among other professionals. Teaching profession was undermined since the government offered low wages to the teachers in addition to subjecting them to strict laws that restricted their personal as well as professional conduct. These factors reduced the productivity of the teaching staff thereby suppressing students performance in schools (Henry, 1990).The tremendous increase in level of education in Australia has been largely attributed to lurchs in a variety of factors including social and institutional framework as well as economic changes and student financing much else besides (Evans & Kelley, 2002). To skip over with, changes in educational levels have been associated with urbanization.The rural-urban migration brought about by the inadequacy of farmland as well as search for skilled jobs in the cities has enhanced the development of cities i n Australia. This has therefore called for the provision of educational services in these highly populated regions hence increasing the educational levels. Evans & Kelley (2002) estimates the changes brought about by urbanization to about six percent over the last century. economic reaping on the other hand has been furnish with the steady increase in the educational levels in Australia. This country has witnessed a considerable economic growth in the recent past. Australian GDP for instance is currently valued at 1050 billion dollars which is jolly above 1.6 percent of the world economy (Laporte, & Ringold, 1997).Australia has so far recorded steady economic growth and unlike other OECD nations it did not fall to the economic recession witnessed in the recent past (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2007). Moreover, the country has recorded a growth rate of about 3.6% annually for the last fifteen years. This has authorise the government hence its ability t o fund education as well as other sectors (UNESCO/OECD area Education Indicators Program, 2005). It therefore implies that most of the Australians are able to access education compared to the past where parents used to dropout of school after compulsory education level.The current parents have therefore acquired high social status in addition to pursuing the available high skilled and well-paying professional jobs. The Australian children who hail from well educated families can now access proper education thereby increasing the levels of education in the country (Ruitenberg, 2010).Economic growth has therefore contributed to about twenty six percent education growths in Australia. This change has mainly improved education levels in both the primary education which is compulsory as well as secondary education which the educated and socially as well as economically-empowered parents can now afford (Evans & Kelley, 2002).The duo however admit that the aforementioned factors only cont ribute to a little component part of the sources of educational fracture so far witnessed in Australia and that the real sources of change in education course in this century are still unclear.Youth participation in education including vocational education and reading has also improved in Australia. According to Sue et al (2009) a variety of factors have influenced this upsurge in the education trends in Australia.Factors such(prenominal) as how the young peoples families as well as community value education, the socioeconomic status of the general population, available education and training and the school curriculum, existing policies on education and youth employment, financial incentives and obstacles, economic structure in regard to industry and occupation have changed hence improvement of youth participation in education and vocational training in Australia (Kilpatrick, Sue,Baynes, Chapman & Hazel An indexing term that provides specific identifying information in a course of instruction geographic names, laws and legislation, or tests and testing., ()), 2009).Australia just like other true States has recorded a steady fall in fertility rate which has brought about the ratio of two children per couple (Tiffen, & Gittins, 2004). It is always presumed that the higher the frame of children in a family the reduced ability of the parents to provide quality education to an individual child. This is because the available resources such as finance, energy and time are shared among the many children thereby reducing the amount received by an individual child (Evans & Kelley, 2002).The reduced fertility rate in Australia has ensured reduced number of children in a family which the parents can afford to provide quality education for thus contributing to increased level of education in the country. These changes in education levels brought about by changes in family size are only noticeable in secondary schools and tertiary levels and not in primary level wher e the government notes education (Harrison, 2002). The governments commitment to provide quality education has also influenced to a great extent the steady growth in education levels so far witnessed in Australia. The Australian government has increased its spending on education of both males and females compared to the last century.There have been grapples of gender diversity in education and females have been stereotyped as underperformers in the past (Evans & Kelley, 2002). It is note worthy that in all countries except New Zealand there have been lower performance by females than their male counterparts particularly in mathematics literacy (Marginson, 1993). This traditional stereotype is being overcome by the Australian government done equal provision of educational services to both the sexes.Philosophers such as Martin Roland have also contributed to this issue of gender equality and education of the girl child. Roland argues that the old tradition was a barrier to the e qual dissemination of resources to both the sexes in the society since it discriminated against the females and favored the males. She reiterates that gender issues should be embedded in the curriculum as well as in teaching and schooling activities to ensure that the product of such a system is an ideal educated person.John Dewey is another renowned philosopher whose contribution to education, politics as well as philosophy has been globally recognized. According to Dewey, education was the cornerstone to intellectual development and progress of the society. He express on the improvement of moral and social nature of schools as an attempt to fostering democracy and community prosperity (Paringer, 1990).Dewey asserts that provision of education service to a single child in the society empowers the child towards self- effectiveness which consequently provides a guarantee to a lovely, worthy and harmonious society. Democracy never used to prevail in the ancient society as a result o f lack of knowledge by then. According to Dewey, the nature of things should be viewed from a perspective of change and growth and therefore the continuous transformation in education is inevitable (Dewey, 2007).Nel Noddings is an additional prominent philosopher whose argument revolves around the moral reasoning, beliefs and values in education. She states that the current education trends encourages moral development hence the need to adopt educational structures that incorporates ethics and the use of motherly interest to inform moral learning. She however blames politics that fulfills the interests of particular groups for threatening the establishment of good ethical foundation of learning as well as teaching in the academic institution (Palmer, Bresler, & Cooper, 2001).ConclusionEducation in Australia has undergone commendable changes since the first half of the last century. The Australian government as well as other stakeholders in the educational sector has contributed tow ards the social progress which is primarily parasitic on the enhanced education standards in the country. Education has so far transformed from the old system characterized by repugnant traditions and values to the modern technologically- advanced era where education is the basic requirement for community sustainability.The progress in science and technology in the current era has created the knowledge and skills necessary for the developed industrial economy, while growth of education has provided workforce that is needed to utilize these new opportunities. Australia currently enjoys a socially-friendly environment with high paying professional jobs as well as improved living standards tact of development witnessed in the education sector.Reference ListCentre for Educational Research and Innovation (2008). Trends plastic education. OECDPublishing.Dewey, J. (2007). Democracy and Education An Introduction to the Philosophy of Education.NuVision Publications, LLC.Evans, M. & Kelley , J. (2002). Australian economy and society, 2001 education, work, an welfare. Federation Press.Harrison, J. (2002). Excel senior high school community and family studies. Pascal Press.Henry, M. (1990). Understanding schooling an introductory sociology of Australian education.

Get Your Head In The Game Essay

When in mellow give lessons, one of the most memorable things to do is go to the games, attend homecoming, or the pep rallies every(prenominal) semester. One thing they all have in common is that they are tied to sports. High civilize sports are an of the essence(predicate) part of childrens lives whether they are the ones attending the game or the one acting in it. A few years ago, Solano County tried to disaster sports programs because there was no room in the budget for it. The community reacted by spending their whole summer raising money in either way they could by selling things to standing outside of the mall collecting donations with the fire department. High give instruction sports programs are important and should not be on the list of school cuts.One of the first evidences uplifted school sports programs should not be cut is that it keeps kids active and in a safe environment during non-school hours. correspond to the American Diabetes Association, the national website and organization for diabetes information, one in every four hundred kids under the geezerhood of twenty are diagnosed with diabetes (Diabetes Statistics). Type I diabetes is unpreventable but type II diabetes can be prevented with a healthy diet and plenty of exercise, which after school sports programs help with to eliminate.If high school sports were to be cut, more and more children would be home sitting around watching television or scoot unhealthy. School sports also ensure that children result eat healthier. When trying to get fit for their sport season, kids will eat better to keep up with everyone else and stay in shape. Being a part of a sports program also keeps kids out of trouble because it gives them a place to go and fewthing to do during non-school hours. Angela Shackleford, a high school booster parent, said that cutting sports would eliminate clean criminal records, mentors, and livelihoods. Without a place to go after school, kids may do other things to entertain themselves, including things that may get them in trouble.Another reason is that school sports can also be a stepping lapidate for many an(prenominal) kids to go to college. As education rises over time, the ability to pay for college decreases. Many high school athletes use this as a stepping stone in becoming a college athlete. It may be the only means for some kids to pay for college, and to cut high school sports is the likes of cutting a childs path to college. Shackleford also mentioned that some of these kids wont be able to go to college if they dont have these scholarships (Debolt). Being on a team also gives children a sense of unity. They learn how to be a part of a team and work with and get along with people they may or may not like which is a skill they will carry throughout their life. That is another important skill they will take with them when they do go onto college or their future careers.There are more positive reasons than negative reasons to keeping high school sports programs. Although it does cause injury sometimes, children can get hurt anywhere doing anything. It teaches children how to work as a group and rely on one another, it gives them a place to go after school hours and keeps them in shape, and especially can help them get into a college. The reason why so many people in the community, from the fire department to parents, helped raise money to keep these programs available is because they realize how important it is to keep these programs running for the kids.

How Much Copper Is in the Coin?

We calibrated three diametric molarities of copper (II) nitrate. We tested for the %Transmittance of 1M, 0. 1M, and 0. 01M and plotted the data collected on a calibration trend based on denseness and absorbance. We apply nitrous acid to dissolve a penny to provoke another copper (II) nitrate to test its %Transmittance and plot that on the graph to discover the niggardness of that substance which came out to be about . 21M. We attempted to develop a method for determining the concentration of three different diluted copper (II) ion solutions.We also tried to determine the concentration of copper indoors a penny by dissolving it in nitric acid. We used a spectrometer to mensurate the %Transmittance of each and were able to convert it to it absorbance in order to plot it on our calibration curve. We used test tubes to contain the solution and set the spectrometers to 20, which were preset by the TA. Prepare three different beakers with i containing 0. 01M, 0. 1M, and 1M of c opper (II) nitrate ( Cu(NO3)2).Fill three different test tubes full, each having different amounts of concentrations of the copper (II) nitrate. By using the spectrometer measure the %Transmittance (%T) for each. Convert each %T into its absorbance by the equation A(absorbance)=log(100/%T) and plot on a graph. The y-axis should be labeled A and the axis should be labeled Concn for the concentration of molarity. imbibe the best fit line through the graph. Place a penny in a beaker and care in full add HNO3 and occasionally swirl so that the penny can completely dissolve.Once the penny is fully dissolved, fill another test tube with the newly created copper (II) nitrate and again, test for the %Titration and convert it to the A. fleck it on the graph on the best fit line and find the amount of concentration that was constitute within the new solution. When dissolving the penny with nitric acid make certain to perform it within the hood seeing as the gas that is created is toxic. A lso be very cautious when working with nitric acid due to the fact that is s corrosive to the skin.

Eating Apples at Night: a Korean Superstition

eating Apples at Night a Korean Superstition An apple a day keeps the doctor away. This motto is taught to most western children as a way of verbalizing that apples are very healthy to eat. In scheme, if we eat an apple every day, we will be so healthy that we wont need a doctor. Although this is an exaggeration of the health benefits of apples, we can all agree that this is one healthy fruit. Koreans as well baffle the aforementioned(prenominal) belief, but there is one exception. Its believed in Korea that eating an apple at night is in reality unhealthy.Eating apples at night would be difficult for ones stomach to digest, leading to indigestion. This would lead to a sick feeling and make it difficult to get a good nights sleep. The origins of this theory are unknown, but this belief seems to be well known in Korea. Most people codt eat apples at night anyway, but Koreans will admit to hearing about this from an elderly at some point in their life. A few of those will actually believe it and leave off from eating sah gwah (apples) at night.The fact that apples are very healthy is no mystery, but does that change when eating them at night? Eating food before going to sleep is generally a lamentable idea because foods that are spicy, heavy or fatty will make it difficult to sleep soundly. Apples, however, have none of those properties and are actually filled with vitamins, minerals and antioxidants that are beneficial for sleeping. For example, apples contain vitamins C, B6 potassium. They help to decrease simple eye pressure, improve breathing and lower blood sugar.They also help the dust to secrete serotonin create the nerves to relax easier. All of that provides for a good nights rest. There are also polyphenols (antioxidants) which are found mainly in the skins of apples. They assist the body in breaking down carbohydrates and regulate blood sugar, providing a steady level of energy (so you dont stay up callable to an energy spike). Tha t causes body fat to burn steadily, all while you are sleeping. Most of an apple is rattling just water, but there is enough part to help you feel full as you sleep.This fiber also is good for digestion and aids in cleansing the colon. The fiber is easily digested and soluble in the intestines. If anything is unhealthy, it could be the fact that apples contain (natural) sugar and account for about 10% of the bodys carbohydrate needs. However, unite with all the other healthy properties, the good far outweighs the bad. If all these facts are to be believed, then an apple at night is actually very healthy and helpful to eat, as opposed to the Korean estimate that its unhealthy.Due to the fiber, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants which help the body to feel full, relaxed and keep blood pressure and sugar levels stable, the apple is a great snack to have before going to bed. Try it for yourself and see if you can feel and be intimate it. Lets make a new slogan for apples An apple a t night makes the body feel alright By Stephen Redeker Health information provided by Matthew Lee Eating Apples Before cognise at www. livestrong. com

Maasai Culture v American Culture

In the tribal villages of eastern Africa the Maasai marriages are arranged by the elders without ever first consulting the bride or the mother of the bride to be. Unlike, that of my own market-gardening in the United States of America, where I am free as a citizen to choose whomever I may choose to marry and when and if I may marry. Polygyny is that of which is honorable in the Maasai floriculture, as an ideal that is achieved only by that of the elder men of the tribe. Unfortunately, as a result ofthemen being much older at the cartridge holder of marriage, most women become widows, knowing that it is understood that they should never remarry again.Although, I myself practice monogamy, as it is customs duty in my culture and that of what is expected by me, my biotic fellowship, and my family. A young girls childhood in Maasai culture is reign by a strict avoidance of her father and other elders. Her marriage prospects and her familys reputation hinges on her qualification to develop an accurate sense of respect in her familiarity. She is socialized from birth to accept her service to her early husband as an elder and to all other elders in the community. The father is the key figure in the patriarchal family. Theoretically, his control is absolute only to the interference by close senior elders.It is tradition in Maasai culture that as long as the father is alive, no son has final control everyplace his cattle or over his choice in marriage. It is practiced that as the younger men of the community age, the older men begin to rely on their sons to take over the management of the family. After a husbands death, the widow is then(prenominal) subordinate to her sons in the management of her herd. If she has no sons she is unprotected. As this idea is not practiced in my own community, where typicallythe roles of the head of family unit hold is shared among husband and wife equally.Inheritance of piazza and land is dispersed thru the doctrine of a will written out before death or handled in the courts of law. Although, respect is greatly admired and sought out upon in my community, it does not determine the billet of potential marriages and families in the community. A young girls childhood is shared by the love and affection of a girls father and elders, not that of fear and solitude. Love, high morals, and affection is that of which typical childhoods are instilled with upon their exploitation up in my society.Similar to that of my own culture, the marriage ceremonyis one of the longest and most celebrated ceremonies in the Maasai community. It begins by a man showing interest in a woman and openhanded her a chain, called an olpisiai, similar in retrospect as that of an engagement ring in American society. Likewise, as the sound out of this proposal circulates the family as well as the community waits for the initial proceedings to begin. The Maasai man does this by decision women of his own age who will bring a gift of alcohol to the mother of the girl. This first exhibit called esirit enkoshoke indicates to everyone that the girl is now engaged.After some odd time, the man has to make his intentions clear again erstwhile more. By presenting a gift of alcohol to the girls father, the man has shown this once again, as the alcohol will be brought by the same women who brought the other gift of alcohol to the women earlier. The gift of alcohol is called enkiroret, which the father of the intended bride drinks with his brothers and then summons the man asking him to declare his initial interest and to speak of the woman he wishes to marry. If the family agrees to the mans request, both parties officially establish a relationship, and the married couple planning begins to take foot.In the Maasai community and as in mine, marriage is considered very important. However, when dickens people are brought together to become a husband and wife in the Maasai community, the newlyweds are expected to live with each other forever divorce is not an option. in one case the Maasai man has chosen and paid for his wife he is then allowed to bring gifts to the womans family. By first giving the presents as he sees fit, to a final point where it will become clear to those in the community that he has taken an interest in the well-being of the girls family and that she is not to be readily available.These gifts the Maasai man has apt(p) to the girl will create the bride-to-bes dowry, the purpose of which is not to create wealth for the brides family, exclusively rather to legalize the marriage. By the man putting his mark on that family, he is making itso that if anyone else tries to come on the family and offer a bride price, it will have been made clear that the girl has already been given remote to some other family and is spoken for. Like that of an engagement ring or wedding band worn by both the men and women in my community, as it is displaying to everyone that they are spoken for and are not available to others in the community.As the wedding day begins in Maasai culture the groom brings the bride price, including three cows, of which two are womanly and one is male and all are black, and two sheep, one female and the other male. The male sheep is to be slaughtered during the wedding day to remove its rich fats and oils, which will then later be applied to the wedding dress. The remainings of the oil is put in a container for the bride to carry to her new home afterward the wedding in her husbands kraal. The morning of the wedding, the brides head is shaved and anointed with lamb fat.She is decorated similarly to that of my own culture by beautiful beaded decorations, and her wedding dress. Although unlike wise, her dress is made by relatives in the community and her mother, making the wedding dress an expression of community, not individuality. The bride is also blessed by the elders using alcohol and milk, and she is led from her familys kraal to her ne w home, in the kraal of her husband. There, she will enter the house of her husbands mother, where she will stay for the next two days, during which time the groom may not sleep with her or eat food in the house she is staying in.Finally, after those two days, the wifes head is shaved once more by her husbands mother, and the wedding ceremony is last over the man and woman are married elders. Concluding that although both cultures differ greatly in their practices and expectations there are still similarities to be understood. Both cultures dually express and display their affection towards one another in some public manor or display. Even if our ideals and morals are different, the feelings that everyone wants to be with their original love forever is evident.