Adminstrative Ethics Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Adminstrative Ethics Paper - Essay Example organizational and institutional standards are maximizing familiar location when people speak about their present health management systems.Organizational financing materials, employer employee relations and structural designs are all mentioned as areas where clean-living obstacles and economic value fights are coming high. The high tensions built by dissimilarities in organizational, personal, and expertise merits. Executives/ administrators have become subvert with institutions that do not embody qualities stable with those by which they expect to live. As claimed by Badaraco and Webb (1995) study, most of the newborn administrators complained being asked to do things they particularly trust were undesired and sometimes not allowed. Well-intentioned administrators were revealed to rely on a blend of corporate credos, declaration of their own certitudes, ethics hotlines, training schedules, and ombudsmen to create to ethical levels for their companies. As an outcome of inconsistent institutional moral levels, confusing patterns arise composing the recognition of a distrustful perspective of institutional or business standards by young leaders. The researchers study mentioned the importance of values care and a higher knowledge of ethical resolution-making for administrators.Administrative healthcare setting, ensure an unceasing presence of moral issues embedded in each days performances. The administrator of the health management has authorities to self, to the business, to the invitee fulfilled by the group, and also to the workers who give services at the company. With the data systems development, one ethical have words that frequently presents itself to the executive is information confidentiality. Confidential data is facts that are personal, secret and very much privileged. Administrators private information in the health care setting goes to the extent of patient medical checkup data to broader informat ion operations that direct

Ryanair's globalisation process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ryanairs globalisation process - Essay ExampleHowever, new markets come with more repugns in some cases leading to losses to the quick (GOLDMAN & NIEUWENHUIZEN 2006, p.9). Therefore, proper evaluation of the market has to be undertaken to ensure higher(prenominal) chances of success in the new market. Opening up of markets also means a new challenge to the existing market leaders as they are faced with new competition thus the wish to change strategy. Changes in regulation also affect the operation of firms in the market thus the fill to regularly check regulations to ensure compliance (LOWENDAHL 2005, p.163). At times, the firm may be forced to call for back to the drawing board to formulate new way forward so as to be profitable in the global market.Any business desiring to compete in the global market has to chafe the bold decision of taking on a risky investment (SHETH, PARVATIYAR & SHAINESH, 2001, p.34). In the process of globalization, sign of agreement between Ire and L ondon to open up air traffic between them was the inception of globalization process in the dickens countries presenting Ryanair an opportunity to explore new market. In anticipation of change magnitude air traffic between Irish and London, Ryanair made the bold decision of applying for the newly available manifest to be given to a second firm after the signing of the new air wait on agreement. Without any past records on the success of the rout in air traffic, applying for the license to operate the lane was risky as returns were not assured. Other firms not applying for the license is an indication that there was general caution of investing in new markets. The opportunity came with additional cost requiring additional resources. This is the cost of globalization that the firm had to incur so as to earn revenue from the new investment. The firm incurred cost of purchasing two more planes to satisfy the increasing operations.Increased competition in the market place is also forcing cosmic firms to change their operations to maintain their market

Social Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Social Entrepreneurship - Essay Examplees mainly address the social ineluctably in the society through offering products and work that aim at meeting the cultural, social and environmental needs in the society (Paton, 2003 p. 89). The bank commenced operations in 1984 providing trade union banking services part observing the founding principles. The trade unions offered provided equity capital of 1.25 million pounds while the Co-operative Bank added 2.6 million pounds to the break up up capital. In the first year, the bank operated as a licensed deposit taking grounding providing its clients a range of banking services. In the first year, the balance sheet figures in terms of assets grew to over 40 million pounds with the deposits reaching 35 million pounds. The Bank offered a rights issue in 1986 thus modify more trade unions to buy shares. Fifty-eight trade unions were now members of the bank. After the passage of Public services (social value) Act 2012, Birmingham has experi enced the emergence of many social enterprises. The Act enables the stakeholders to become members of the social enterprises and introduces several tools for the naming of the social impact (Price, 2009 P. 52). The major responsibilities of social enterprises include encouraging community involvement, encouraging of equal opportunities and reinforcement a green economy. Social enterprises should also encourage sustainability initiatives like recycling and encourage fair work practices (Doherty & Thompson, 2006 p.40).Social enterprise based organisations have innovative and people-friendly solutions that aim at creating positive change in the society unlike the traditional corporate world that is geared at profit maximisation (Nicholls, 2006 p.18). just about social enterprise based organisations work with poor communities and provides the staff with flexible working schedules. According to the UK division of Trade and Industry (DTI), socially based enterprises have primary soci al objectives whereby the surplus is reinvested

Fur elise, song created by beethoven Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fur elise, song created by van van Beethoven - Essay ExampleSuch actions is apparent and deeply believed because as it goes, theres nothing to lose. some revered artists are known for different rituals that they do for their craft. Among the most unusual include the great composer Ludwig new wave Beethoven. thither are many recorded anecdotes that pertain to how he goes about composing his music. This includes the composer supposedly dipping his channel in cold water before writing his songs. This is said to be helpful in touch his brain so that he would be able to compose the many great music that we choose advantage of even to this day. His love story is also something that is shrouded with mystery and romance. This creates more ambiguity and interest towards him.There comes this notion that with genius also comes the tragedy of loneliness. Like the way that poets are said to have shorter look than all other artists and people in general, it is a gift and a curse all at once. There is the apparent thought that misery goes with the extent of gift that only few are given. The constrict that people may advertently or not land on these people. Consequently, the anxiety that the gifted themselves impose on their self to meet all expectations. Love is most often synonymous with art. The most fair works are born out of love. Elizabeth Barrett Browning created the most poignant poems for her love one in as much as Robert Browning did the same thing. Beethoven and his great love is one of these, a love story for the generations.One of the most recognizable music from the classic era, Fr Elise, which literally translates to For Elise contains the most interesting stories for its composition. Something more interesting is that the manuscript for it was found 40 years after Beethovens death. Its publication in 1865 immediately shot it to fame. The deep and emotional subtext of the music provokes empathy among its listeners. As a matter of fact, historians could n ot

Capitalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Capitalism - Essay ExampleTrading, banking and the production of certain goods was done on a capitalistic basis and thrived in and amongst the Ancient Greek city-states. During the era of roman letters supremacy, capitalist methods developed further. The Roman government protected trade, interest rates came down and the standard of living improved. With the collapse of the Roman conglomerate capitalism practically disappeared. After a long period of stagnation, a revitalisation of trade began and commercial-grade and capitalist activity gradually increased as archaean as the 11th century. The Crusades contributed significantly to this revival due to the large scale movement of men and supplies from Europe to the Holy Land. This transport enriched merchants and ship-owners of several Italian cities. Italy, especially Venice, became the leader of this revival of commerce, industry and capitalism. Besides Italy, the Hanseatic League in northern Europe, and numerous otherwise regio ns, such as the Netherlands, also shared in the revival of capitalism by the end of the fifteenth century.At this point further development was hindered by three obstacles 1. The expense of overland travel, 2. An inadequate fork over of gold and silver to serve as a medium of exchange and, 3. The restrictive practices of the guilds. All of these obstacles were to be overcome within the next centuries. The ski tow of the modern nation state was also closely associated with the rise of the modern capitalistic economy. The royal monarchs who created the national states after the Middle Ages made great use of the salary increase middle class in overcoming the feudal nobility. The strength of this middle class lay was in its riches gained through capitalistic enterprises.It was the great voyages of discovery made by mariners in the late 15th and early 16th centuries that opened up the era of capitalist economy on a scale more vast than anything dreamed of began the era of the global economy. So great was this expansion and so significant were the changes it

Urban planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Urban planning - Essay ExampleThere is a group that argues that transportation is to serve land uses in order to support economic activity, on the former(a) hand there is a group claiming that whatever capacity is given to the public, is filled up soon. In the end there is no gain because the same level of congestion manifests again. This problem can be better understood by focusing on the use demand that Pacific we target it elasticity.historically speaking demand forecasts for urban transportation planning have been largely base on exogenous variables (Federal Highway Administration A-1). These variables included universe of discourse, employment, income and land use (Federal Highway Administration A-1). Once these variables are states results the shimmy specific point estimating traffic volume in the future. In this case demand is influenced by incomplete the money price nor the transportation infrastructure. Exogenous variables are the sole driving force here.There is besi des a concept that disagrees with the notion. It claims that additional capacity stimulates the increase in demand. This notion relies on the premise that as soon as a highway is built people will come for it. This notion is based on latent demand suggesting that the willing buyers will show their demand for traveling as soon as there is an opportunity.San Francisco Bay area is prospering from economic harvest-tide and is likely to show signs of population growth (Pallagst 1). The growth in population demands growth in facilities. Growth management have attracted a lot of critique and praise since it appeared as a distinct concept of planning in mid-sixties (Pallagst 1). The roots of this concept can be traced back to the environmental movement.It is strange to note that many growth management plans do not align with other growth promoting planning developments in the United States (Pallagst 2). By the increase urban sprawl growth management researchers have gotten real busy (Palla gst 2). To

Explain this Confucian Virtue and discuss the ways in which this does Essay

Explain this Confucian legality and discuss the ways in which this does or does not subsist in contemporary Ameri crapper society. Use concrete examples. Make sure that you adequately define this Virtue - Essay ExampleThus, the core of the teachings of Confucius oscillated around the right individual ethics, values and virtues that ar morally full-blooded and socially upright.Confucianism refers to an ethical, virtuous, moral and as well as psychological musical arrangement of thought that was introduced by Confucius (Sun, 37). This system borrows its origin from the periods of Autumn and Spring in the Han Dynasty. During that period, Confucianism was majorly used as a tool for ethical and sociopolitical teaching. The teachings of Confucianism majorly cast around humanism. Such teachings mostly espouse the importance of family relationships and disregards beliefs in gods. The teachings further depict that human beings can be taught through personal as well as communal endeavors . In addition, the teachings of Confucianism maintain that individuals are improvable as well as perfectible relevant to their personal as well as communal endeavors (Smith and Huston, 51). This can be realized mainly through self-creation as well as self-cultivation of morally upright virtues alongside lending credence to ethical maintenance.Confucianisms teachings majorly revolve around quaternion main ethical concepts. These include ren, yi, li and zhi. Ren observes the virtue of humanness and altruism whereas yi obligates righteousness and moral responsibility to do good (Smith and Huston, 47). Li determines the way a person should conduct himself or herself with regards to certain norms. Zhi regards the readiness to identify what is considered either wrong or right relevant to how an individual relates to others in the society (Wong, 67). It is of faultfinding significance to acknowledge that the teachings of Confucianism can bring good results when incorporated within the governance policies and rules of any country. Confucius argues that for a leader to govern his subjects effectively, he must start with

The Interactional View Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Interactional View - Essay ExampleWhen she revoked the permission, I was so mad at her that I did non talk to her for a month, while I also blamed my male parent for enabling my sustains domination everywhere my life. By not talking, it means that I did not take place with her almost like I used to. The Interactional View helps me understand the impact of family relationships on family communication exchanges and some unrivalled behaviors. The Interactional View sees the family as a arrangement of units that influence one another. Indeed, in my situation, my mothers behavior affected my behavior, while I further connected my behavior to my fathers privation of action on the matter. In the context of a game, the rules are the following 1) If my mother decides on something, my father implicitly supports it by not questioning her decisions, and 2) Children must obey their parents because they know what is best for the former. These rules do not mean that my father is undern eath the power of my mother, but I can see that he wants to distract conflict with her. The result of the rules of the game in our family is that I lose my agency or carry over my life. My parents can change the rules as they wish, but I cannot do anything about it. As a dutiful daughter, I am bound by these rules. I may resent them, but I report to follow them because I believe in respecting my familys decisions. Apart from seeing the family as a system governed by the rules of game, The Interactional View asserts the existence of axioms of interpersonal communications. Family homeostasis is central to these axioms because it refers to the unspoken complicity of family members in preserving the status quo. The rules of the game, no matter how dysfunctional, can result to a sense of family homeostasis, though the homeostasis may not be best for the family as a whole or for specific family members. In my case, my parents and I contribute to the family homeostasis because no one directly questions or opposes the rules of the game. I follow my parents decisions, even if I do not always ensure with them, because saving their face and family values are more important to me than my autonomy. My father also implicitly supports our family homeostasis because he does not conflict with my mothers decisions. My mother also supports fathers decisions, though when it comes to their children, she is more vocal than my father. The first axiom of The Interactional View states that communication is so constant that to not communicate is a form of communication in itself. Watzlawick explains the concept of symptom strategy, where a person explains the cause of muteness as something external, and so verbal communication does not occur. The person makes it look like he/she cannot control his/her silence. One time, my mother asked me why I was not responding to her text messages. I told her that I was busy in the library, which was my symptom strategy. By not saying anythi ng through not answering her text messages, I warrant my action through a symptom strategy. In reality, I was mad at her because my best recall dose and I made numerous plans for the weekend, and I was quite excited to spend two whole long time with her. All of those plans

Banning the use of mobile phones in motor vehicles Essay

illegalise the ingestion of wandering(a) phones in motor vehicles - Essay Example.................................5 Conclusion..6 References..7 doorway to Australian Automobile Association The Australian Automobile Association was founded in 1924 with an aim to represent the Australian motorists at national and international level. It coordinates and manages the activities of its constituting motoring clubs and is also considered as the official voice of Australian motoring. It has been flourishing in influencing the public policy and is known for its high quality services and benefits to more than 6.3 one thousand million members all(a) over Australia. It undertakes research on a continuous basis to analyze the actual situation and spring the opinions of motorist across Australia. AAA is a part of Alliance Internationale de Tourisme (AIT) and the Federation Internationale de lAutomobile (FIA), which represents more than 100 million people in approximately 120 countries. It al so supports a range of programs both nationally and internationally much(prenominal) as ANCAP, Australias best cars and so forthto promote driver and road safety, environmental protection as well as sustainable mobility. Banning the practise of mobile phones in motor vehicles In this submission, concerns regarding the use of mobile phones succession driving behave been discussed in order to present a safe constitution approach for safer drivers and safer environment. The pushing implementation of the tough policy with a total criminalise on the use of mobile phones in vehicles is opposed by AAA. First of all, mobile phones are an important means of communication. The disturbance caused by mobile phones cannot be overlooked but there are many benefits as well. It provides priceless security and assistance in emergency situations. Moreover, in this rapidly growing world it is almost infeasible to stop people from the usage of mobile phones in vehicles. According to a survey, between 2009 and 2010, approximately 50,000 drivers have been fined more than $11 million for texting, calling, receiving their phones. Hence, the government should seek other ways for road safety such as the introduction of driver education programs, systematic assessment of risk levels for safety improvement etc. Background The discussion regarding the impact of mobile phones while driving and its contribution towards the increased risk of accidents is increase day by day. In the recent years, due to the advancements in the mobile sector, particular attention is world paid to the use of mobile phones. This has given rise to the concerns about the potential impact and role of mobile phones in a collision risk. Although, there are many safety issues involved with the mobile devices the implied benefits are also present. It may increase the productivity and efficiency of the employee by increasing the responsiveness to its clients and other coworkers. A mobile phone with GPS (Globa l Positioning System) can save a lot of time if a soul is lost. However, researches have mostly shown the negative consequences of using mobile phones as a secondary task while driving. In Australia, on an average 1700 people die on Australians road each year and the ban on hand-held mobiles has been enforced since 1999. Analysis of the issue Although driving is a very

Self Esteem, Self Confidence and Self Motivation with Respect to Goals Essay

Self Esteem, Self federal agency and Self Motivation with Respect to Goals and Objectives - Essay ExampleIt is a sort of competent feeling that a soulfulness contains within him egotism as he tries to overcome the hurdles that life throws his way with a thing of faith. Self confidence again is a dependent grammatical constituent on a person having a certain amount of esteem for himself. It is the characteristic by which a person is able to regain and discriminate the environment around him in a way better than others in other words having confidence helps a person to come bug out of the fear of doing something or trying something new. Confidence helps to retort initiatives and take control of situations. It thus goes hand in hand with self esteem greatly because unless a person contains a certain amount of belief in his own self with respect to any childbed that he might want to carry out, he testament not be able to do so unless he possesses an ounce of zeal and esteem. Se lf motivation is yet another characteristic that each person has within himself but only few are able to tap and exploit as mentioned above. Motivation is the index number by which one can induce himself or someone else to carry out a task or an activity with utmost confidence. Self motivation is when a person has the power and belief in his own self to do something and thus becomes his own personal driving factor towards the chalet of desire. In order to understand the same, one can easily witness how self esteem and self confidence are again required in order for a person to be motivated by his own self. If one does not possess enough courage or confidence, he will not be able to motivate himself in the long run. All these qualities take some sentence for people to tap into and bring out. They all require certain factors from the out-of-door environment of a world being as well in order to be touched upon. For example, self esteem is an feeling that rises and increases ever y time a person is adulationd by others for doing a certain something. People usually persist to animadvert higher of them once others begin to respect them, listen to them and take their advice. When people get watchfulness and achieve success in copious amounts, their levels of self esteem automatically increase. (Dubrin, A) Much the same way, in the same process, a person also tends to increase his personal amounts of confidence once others begin to praise or compliment him on something. For example, taking any business enterprise into account, an entrepreneur would only be able to increase his sales and take his venture to a higher level if he was praised from the outside world. Only when he receives adulation from society will he become aware of whatever he is worth. One must try and tap this confidence and esteem on his own self, however, too overmuch of the same, on the lines of an overdose can become a problem as people usually think that they are too good for anybody else and thus end up hurting and harming the environment around them. This usually leads to them losing out on their friends and family and they turn out to be aggressive and far too overconfident. Thus, these qualities must be tapped in proper balanced

Land Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Land Law - Essay ExampleA vendor must be adequate to(p) to prove that he is entitled to the land before he foundation pass good title to a purchaser. Initi totallyy, such cogent evidence was provided by the production of the title documents to the land, i.e. the conveyances or leases. The vendor had to be able to coming into court the chain of ownership for the last thirty (now 15 years).And each time the land was sold, all these documents had to be examined under the LRA 2000 a single memoir entry is substituted for the series of title deeds as proof of titles, and a prospective purchaser need only examine this registry entry.Theodore Rouff had laid great deal trine basic principles of Land Registry. One among them is the mirror principle which states the muniment of title reflects accurately and in all beyond all arguments the facts that atomic number 18 material to the title. In simpler terms, it can derive that this principle proposes the fact that the register of the title is the mirror which reflects accurately all the current facts and figures those argon material to the title. However, at that place are hardly a(prenominal) exceptions to this fact. Other than these exceptions the title is free from all adverse burdens, rights, and qualifications unless they are mentioned in the register. prevailing arouse can be described as one of the most an important exceptions to the mirror principle.Overriding interests Definition These are specify in s3 (xvi) LRA 1925 as all the encumbrances, interests, rights and powers not entered on the register, but subject to which registered dispositions are to take personnel... Initially such proof was provided by the production of the title documents to the land, i.e. the conveyances or leases. The vendor had to be able to show the chain of ownership for the last thirty (now 15 years).And each time the land was sold, all these documents had to be examined under the LRA 2000 a single register entry is subst ituted for the series of title deeds as proof of titles, and a prospective purchaser need only examine this register entry.Theodore Rouff had laid down three basic principles of Land Registry. One among them is the mirror principle which states the register of title reflects accurately and completely beyond all arguments the facts that is material to the title (wikipedia)1. In simpler terms it can derived that this principle proposes the fact that the register of title is the mirror which reflects accurately all the current facts and figures those are material to title. However there are few exceptions to this fact. Other than these exceptions the tile is free from all adverse burdens, rights and qualifications unless they are mentioned in the register. Overriding interest can be described as one of the most important exception to the mirror principle.Overriding interests Definition These are defined in s32 (xvi) LRA 1925 as all the encumbrances, interests, rights and powers not ent ered on the register, but subject to which registered dispositions are to take effectMeaning In simpler terms overriding interest can be defined and determined as the interest which override. It is liable on the purchaser to inspect the land and make inquiries as there are few dispositions like overriding

Strategic Group Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Strategic Group - Essay Examplegeographic coverage They are primarily UK based retail handcuffs eventually branching out to unalike parts of the world. The four companies enjoy the top four positions in the market with Tesco on the top followed by , Sainsburys and Morrison.Commitment to quality and offering value for money While , Tesco and Morrison have underinterpreted vertical integration to raceway down expenses and increase reliability, Sainsbury believes in integrity of sourcing to ensure quality.Ans. An organization cannot be free of the macro surround that persists and has to be resolved each time. The strategic group in consideration faces threat from the environment. Some of it is postgraduate impact some is not. Nonetheless, there exists and environment that needs to be analyzed and lived with.One needs to be in the good books of the government. on that point are influences the management needs to create through indirect lobbying. Forms of sponsorships, grants, semip olitical donations, etc. are to be made to keep the balance.The retail chain has to be a share of various lobbies, for instance Freight transport association, British retail consortium, Institute of grocery retailers, confederation of British industry, labor groups, etcChanging economy is the bi... Political factors One needs to be in the good books of the government. There are influences the management needs to create through indirect lobbying. Forms of sponsorships, grants, political donations, etc. are to be made to keep the balance.To get an easy access to the govt. former govt officials are hired by the retail chains.The retail chain has to be a member of various lobbies, for instance Freight transport association, British retail consortium, Institute of grocery retailers, confederation of British industry, labor groups, etcEnvironment issues need to be taken care of-proper recycling of waste, use of recyclable poly bags, and no harm to the ever depleting natural resources.Any changes in the govt/EU policies have to be addressed.Economic EnvironmentChanging economy is the biggest extend toing factor. Consider the mystify situation where there is a worldwide slump and the market is seeing trends of salary cuts, the purchase forefinger of the buyer goes down and hence the revenues of the retail are getting affected.The changing exchange rates affect the imported product expenditure. Needless to say the buyer looks for value for money in the retail chains and thus allow not be pleased with an expensive product.Raise in global price for fuel affect transportation cost and in turn the cost price of the product.Increase in real estate increases the fixed cost thereby affecting the revenue model.Social IssuesLifestyle changes will demand need for greater product categories. People will demand more of functional sustenance rather than fad foods. The shifting demographics, the young buyer will have different demands from the ageing macrocosm of U.K.With in creasing competition, the consumer wants the best

Jose Vargas Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Jose Vargas Assignment - Essay ExampleI always hear debates of whether illegal immigrants is blue or good for a nation, but now I can tell that it is bad for two the country, as well as the immigrant this is speaking from a healthc be perspective. I have suffered greatly owe to my two illnesses while living in the United States. There are numerous challenges that face good deal like me when it comes to seeking medical checkup attention in the United States. The experiences I ensured while emigrating in itself sufficiency stress. Some of the structural barriers that affect my health care approach shot include lack of insurance, negative citizenship view and high cost of caring for diabetes and Congestive Heart Failure. The main reason why I cannot access medical insurance in the United States is because I am illegal citizen to the States. Also, any major hospital I go to will request for my identification card, and once they realize am not a United States citizen, they will not ify the authorities. Finally, the United States healthcare system is one of the priciest in the world if you do not have health insurance.Tim and I always struggle to find backstreet medical centers where at least I can get medicine and treatment with regards to my two conditions. In these medical centers, people are always judged by their English fluency, as well as their brevity. I once witnessed a soldiery been thrown out of center for not knowing how to speak English fluently. They presumed that he was an illegal immigrant perhaps trying to set the hospital up. Even reaching the hospital was a problem and the filthiness in positioning the center was hard to stand. I normally thank God each time we are through with(p) with the visit and heading home.These were the same conditions that were discussed in the Vargas talk. I mean I had to take myself through un-trusted medical centers just to receive a treatment that I could also not trust. These treatments, at times, came with ba d side effects that normal citizens did not feel. I have contemplated a

Lab Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Lab Report - Essay ExampleNewtons laws of transaction are three bodily laws that, together, laid the foundation for classical mechanics. They describe the relationship between a body and the forces acting upon it, and its motion in response to those forces. This report stresses that Newtons laws find many applications in the life experiences for example, rocket and jet propulsion in which the third law is widely applied, garden sprinklers, firing guns, dynamic lift and balances of forces in whirlybird among many applications. The major limitations of Newtons laws in motion is that they cannot be applied in objects travelling at the travel rapidly of light. Additionally newtons laws fail when they are applied to very small objects such as atomic and subatomic particles in which they fail in the concepts of quantum mechanics. This paper makes a conclusion that the free body diagrams enable genius to set the problem properly and solve for the unknown forces that act on a body in r eal life situations. The diagrams learnt in this Lab are useful in understanding what is likely to rule to a body before applying the equations of motion. The distance time graphs are very useful in approximating several(a) quantities such as the possible time one can take to travel from one outer space to another, the critical velocities and acceleration necessary to avoid accidents and crashes. Additionally, one is able to understand the conditions feelt when one uses an elevator system of rules and the manufacturers of the elevators apply the knowledge while making and installing elevators.

PRELIMINARY BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OUTLINE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

advance BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OUTLINE - Essay ExampleGranting of permission to the individuals to live with the individual of his/her choice without any discrimination of gender, age, race, ethnicity and socioeconomic status etc projected immorality and debauchery in society.Only few thinkers belonging to the Devlins give instruction of thought advocated the imposition and observing of moral laws while a large majority of so-c onlyed pundit theorists supported the idea of freedom to a horrible scale.The entire social establishment, because of the very possibility of the single mothers involvement in prostitution and other deviant behaviors on the one hand, and their childrens possible congruous the victim of torture, assaults, sexual abhorrence and starvation etc.The young girls also become victim of the abuse at the hands of stepfathers, uncles, teachers, neighbors and strangers. It is therefore, the law enforcing agencies must announce strict punishments and penalties on the indivi duals responsible for deflowering the girls.The moral determine should also be introduced in the light of the sacred teachings manifestly elucidated in the Holy Scripture. Since the Scriptures belonging to all religions lay stress upon morality and ethical values, introducing of moral laws would be imperatively beneficial for the entire society.Berger, P., & Kellner, H. wedding party and the Construction of Reality An Exercise in the Micro-sociology of Knowledge. In G. Handel, & G. G. Whitchurch (Eds), the Psychosocial Interior of the Family (4th ed., pp. 19-36). New York Aldine De Gruyter. Web Web 26 May 2012 Cardock, C. & Gardner, J.R. Psychological intervention for parishes following accusations of child sexual abuse In S.J. Rossetti (Ed.). Slayer of the individual Child sexual abuse and the Catholic Church Mystic, CT Twenty-Third Publications. 1990 PrintCostello, E. Jane, Keeler, Gordon P., and Angold, Adrian Poverty, Race/Ethnicity, and psychiatrical Disorder A Study of Rur al Children American Journal of

Leadership Development Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

leading Development Report - Essay Example134). Leadership development entails the entire process of expanding the qualification of an government activity to generate potential loss drawship in an organization to accomplish the set goals and objectives (Tichy and Devanna, 2007, p. 79). Leadership development entails the accomplish leaders interaction with political, social, and cultural environment within their area of jurisdiction (Avolio, and Gardner 2005, p.315). Leadership development archetypes forms a key pillar for professional development in various manufacturing organizations (Northouse 2007, p. 91). flummoxs expound on the standards prerequisite for an effectual leader in an organization. Leadership development models defines some of the universal behavioural expectation of effective leaders including the leaders ability to develop external focus, the capability to achieve the expected results with people, implementation of the organizational plans with spirit v alue and speed, prediction and execution of changes in an organization as well as enhancement of superior evaluation and action. Leadership competency models are ideal for availing the three basic leadership requirements, connectivity, consistency, and clarity. Competencies aid in the formation of comprehensible and most effective expectations on the type of capabilities, behaviours, values, and mindsets that are fundamental in the organization leadership role (Jay and Douglas 2004, p. 2). In its consistency role, competency models offer an exceptional language and framework for confabulation and implementation of an organizations leadership development plans. In its connectivity responsibility, competency models offer basic metric in organizations leadership development process. It is the driving force for performance management, feedback procedure, identification, rewards, and successful management Competency Model The study will focus on the competency model of core competencie s for egotism management. Referring to this model, an effective leader should understand their weaknesses, values, and strengths. Productive leaders should as well develop the capability of managing their weaknesses and strengths through engaging in consistent learning. They should also be committed and willing to seek aid from other professionals (George and Morgan 2006, p. 399). Leaders should be enthusiastic in accepting their mistakes and make the needed rectifications. Effective leaders should also have the capability of adapting with dynamic and stressful situations as well as having the ability of enhancing a practical balance betwixt their social and working lives. However, the model is criticized for over relying on individual traits in describing the development and effectiveness of an beautiful leader. The model is also condemned for overlying on a single personality in the success of an organization. The model also faces criticism for disregarding the issues of role o verload, consistent errors, increasing frustrating situations, and role conflict. My Personal Strengths and Weaknesses as A Leader Current Strength In the course of my involvement in broad place of organizational situation, I have developed the leadership strength of a valuable and reliable leader in criticism situations. I have the capability of relishing the emerging challenges and standing strong for what I believe is correct and right. I have also developed a considerable degree of self awareness. As a

Opera - Carmen Essay Example for Free

Opera Carmen EssayThis was an awful Opera, I only wish that I had the opportunity to see it in person. I have never watched anything like it, and probably would non have had it not been part of this class. Let me say Thank you for initiative my eyes to this amazing experience. The theatrical performance, choreography and music were very moving and to my surprise drew me in to continue watching and trying to interpret. I have to say I was very shocked at the sexuality used in this performance, it seemed as thought it was wrote long before its time. Carmens sexuality was very untold a large part of the performance and I found it intriguing. I decided to rent the moving-picture show Carmen to compare the performances and found them to be very similar in character however the Opera was oft more captivating. The music alone is wonderful but when added to the stage performance it was absolutely mesmerizing. Carmen is a command conflict of the expectations for women of this time period. Women were to be gentle, biddable and sinned against.However Carmen used her beauty and sexuality to her advantage. She perfectly have her acting, singing, and dancing abilities to portray a seductive and enticing personality that even Don Jose could not resist. The melodious transitions for each character and scene were for me the amateur at times overwhelming and difficult to take it tout ensemble in. As the music and people befit loud during the bullfight in the background you can stress Carmen and Don Jose characters in the music.In the beginning of the Opera Don Jose appears to be very strong and stiff with an ability to ignore Carmen. Again the music helps portray this image. Obviously he changes throughout the performance to become ravaged with lust and jealousy towards Carmen. You can hear in his voice his defeat and it leaves you to believe that although he will no longer be jealous he also will mourn Carmen forever. Although the orchestra was not shown often it appeared that it consisted primarily of men, which I found rather interesting.The sets were also incredible which made me wonder how the pilot film sets were designed. This Opera appears to have been a monumental changes in the French Opera it is a shame that Bizet, cod to his early death, was unable to realize his impact not only of his time but still like a shot 100 years later.

Human Trafficking of Young Women to be sold in Prostitution Essay Example for Free

earthly c at a timern Trafficking of Young Women to be sold in Prostitution EssayBefore going into details, it seemed important to de very well what hu objet dart merchandiseking is. Human trafficking regardless of its type is a criminal offense.The UN Convention against transnational crime define human trafficking as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of a persons, by style of the threat or purpose of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the enforce of power, or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over a nonher person, for the purpose of exploitation (UN sm in all town 25, 2001, cited by Vandermey, Meyer, Rys, and Sebranek 2009, p. 246).Under Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act, the US Department of Justice and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) atomic number 18 working hard not on ly to make sure the lawfulnesss are put into practice, but alike to contain this problem (Hart 2009, p. 43). The approximately salwayse forms of human trafficking experience been defined in U. S. law as sex trafficking in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such act has not attained eighteen eld of age (Troubnikoff 2003, p. 3). In order to perpetrate this crime, it take at least twelve to fifteen tribe who get out be actors.These include an agency manager, office staffs (at least three), recruiters (at least two), a coordinator, drivers, safe house, chronicle vendors, abuse public officials, operator, cook, and at least six armed men who will take defeat of the recruits. It also carrys an office space, office equipments, and a safe house. This crime model further needs mobile communication equipments, tainted cars, and lofty powered guns, and contacts with other transnational crime syndicates ar e necessary in this deed that will facilitate the deployment of women to their prospective lymph glands. Where and how this crime model operates?This type of crime operates in countries where many people are poor and are longing to escape from the grinding poverty. Among their base of deed are the third world countries in Asia, the antecedent Soviet republics especially Russia and Africa. They can easily antedate on young women through their promise of dollar earnings plus other benefits that are not available in their country. This crime model operates on two fronts by fronting a fake man power agency which lured young women into prostitution under a false pretenses of high paying jobs as waitresses, dancers, models, and au pairs abroad, and by kidnapping beautiful young women.The hired and kidnapped women will then be needful to stay in the safe house where they will be strictly guarded on a twenty four hour basis. The role each actor played On the democratic front, the rol es each actor played in this crime model are crucial and communication with clients as swell up as secrecy is of utmost importance. The roles played by the recruiters, coordinators, the armed men, and the agency manager are the most crucial as they are the unitys that are most exposed to their victims.They would be the one that will be subject of the victims families rage if their crimes are divulged as well as the object of police manhunt. Thus, they would need to form fictitious names, addresses, and pertinent information. Like in ordinary manpower agencies, the manager confirms the applicants application and provides assurance to their client as well as direction of the implicit in(p) mathematical operation. The recruiters are responsible for recruitment and hiring of women.But they need to be very coverful because of the government drive to contain the problem of human trafficking. Indeed, they need to use all their convincing power that they offer real job. The agency ma nager is also the head of the entire operation and is responsible to make their operation smooth and successful. The role played by the coordinator is also important. He is the one that has contact with the clients. In other words, he holds key position and is in contacts in almost segments of the operation, and organize their services (Zhang 2007, p. 97).Zhang pointed out that the coordinator is central to human trafficking operation though they have nothing much than the right connection for to acquire the necessary services for a fee (p. 97). Drivers, cook, and safe house operators are also important actors towards the deployment of women. Under the law all these actors are equally liable for the crime. But the operation of this crime will not be successful at all without the connivance of a corrupt public official. Corrupt government officials who hold vital responsibility towards the review and issuance of travel documents makes the operation highly successful.The document ve ndors provide real or false document needed for the deployment. But on the autocratic front, the most critical role played by the actors is that of the armed men who must mark off that no one could get away or escape. It is critical because if any of the victims escape, the full force of the law will surely hunt them, as well as those behind them. These men consequently need to be heartless, ruthless, and hardened criminals who would not hesitate to shot or kill anyone would attempt to escape. The Blue impress of deceitCiment and Shanty (2008) asserted that there are various schemes of deceits human traffickers employed to collect and traffic women for prostitution. Among these methods is deception, the recruitment of prostitutes, purchase or rent from relatives, boyfriends, and friends, Kidnapping, and as payment of debt (p. 220). This crime model is a generative source of ill-gotten money as according to estimates, a single individual or a group involved in trafficking women and children for commercial sex can make about US$122,000 from one woman in a year Ciment, J. D. and Shanty, F. G. 008, p. 221) or an estimated 12 billion dollars annually. Deceptions of women are usually through through the form of either false promise of barter or false promise of marriage, or in some cases, a false promise of education. False marriages and get out order brides are apply a means of deception to bring women for overseas prostitution. But all these promises are broken once the women are in the hands of the traffickers. They are then turned over to the safe house operators who stop maximum security with the help of armed men assigned to secure any possibility of escape. recruitment of prostitutes also involved deception as despite these women k advanced what type of job awaits them. Ciment and Shanty noted that what they are not aware of is the degree of exploitation to which they will be subjected (p. 220). The danger for this operation however is that when the alleged(a) victims verify the identity of employment agency with proper government authorities regarding the legality of such employment agency, or the truth about the offered job with embassy of the particular country where the jobs are supposedly available.The same with the mail order bride, there is a need to verify the information of the man to be marrying with the embassy of the country where that man lives. If this is the case, there is a tendency that the whole operation will be disrupted as when positive complaints is made with government authorities regarding the discovery, the whole operation top executive be disrupted This operation accordingly requires careful planning especially with regards to hiring, keeping and deploying women. One particular problem for them is that the families of these women are keen on the developments regarding their daughters longing to work abroad.In other words, they talent be sensitive to anything that might be suspicious relating to wo rking abroad. With various laws that apply to this crime such as kidnapping, illegal detention, illegal recruitment, exploitation of women and children and anti-human trafficking laws, they can easily be rapt by the authorities. That is, the families and friends of the victims can report to the authorities what ever they perceived as irregularity on the processes, the very time their daughter left their home as they are supposedly in touched with her, all through out the entire processes.In other words any thing that would create suspicion would mean risk for this business risk in the sense that these families and friends might report to the police the disappearance of their daughters. Thus, they need to carefully lay out plans for unsubstantial their schemes. They might even involved in civic duties and social functions, befriend people in high places, and to even to the point of disguising as philanthropist in order to project an image that will tall(a) to be suspected of crime involvement, and be generous to the families of the victims during the initial stages of the hiring.The actors in this crime model therefore appear harmless, genuinely concern, and would hardly be suspected of any crime involvement. Outwardly, they are not dangerous, dignified, and destitute but inside they are ruthless, cruel and hardened criminals. The actors of this crime group however will use its entire means to control these women once they have gotten in their hands these women. They will confiscate all communication devices such as cell phones and devices, as well as passports and other travel documents to vouch no one will dare of escape.In order to appease the families of the hired victims the agency might provide cash incentives or advance payment to which after everything has been facilitated particularly the deployment of women to their prospective clients, the office will banish in the thin air to transfer to a new location with a new name, new address, new schemes, but the same people, the same processes, and the same modos operande. Upon hiring of women, they need to provide assurance that everything is fine to avoid any suspicion. However, when this democratic approach proved ineffective, they will use violence to silence the families of the victims.Beeks and amir (2006) cited that once a woman is in traffickers hands, the latter uses any and all means to control her violence, including sexual assault, threats to the victims and her familys lives, drugs, and threat to turn the woman over to unsympathising authorities (p. 68). Beeks and Amid stated, many women refuse to cooperate with the authorities because there was little or no protection, and they face deportation, and threats against their families if they cooperate with foreign law enforcement (p. 68). The effect of this crime modelTrafficking of women for prostitution is the worst of all the types of human trafficking. According to Ciment and Shanty, there are an estimated 800,000 t o 900,000 individuals that trafficked each year to which the majority come from Southeast Asia, particularly Myanmar, India, Thailand, and Cambodia. The former Soviet Union is now seen to be growing source of trafficking for prostitution and the sex industry (p. 195). The extent of human trafficking is not only confined in Asian countries and the former Soviet Union.Nicola (2009) noted that trafficking in human beings for sexual exploitation, has involved all the European Union and more in general westerly European countries in the past twenty years (p. 3). The extent of human trafficking for prostitution apparently is world-wide because the demand for commercial sex is global. There are no doubts that about the global extent of trafficking in women for prostitution as according to Jeffereys (1997) prostitution has been industrialized internationally (p. 307).Jeffreys pointed out that prostitution is a prove of the increasing internationalization of the world economy, in which lo cal communities in the third world become an integral part of the industrialized countries (p. 308). Jeffreys explained that as a consequence of the lost traditional resources, such as land, remunerative labor or other means of income were felt greatly by women and girls who have to take care of children and family because of tradition or the disappearance of male support (p. 308). Jeffreys asserts, Military prostitution and sex tourism have increased the global demand for prostitution (p. 309).

Student Learning Essay Example for Free

Student Learning undertakeStudent learning can be identified as seven types of learning which atomic number 18 competence, self-regulation and keep back of behavior, sharing, individuation, goal planning, challenge, and self-change, may function at different times where and when appropriate, and serve to balance and reinforce educatee learning (Sharon, Coulter). Significance of Study Students who endure in poverty need instruction that put acrosss them toward constructing knowledge, first through and through their strength of observation and then from their strong sensory background.Because students rely heavily upon how they have been socialized in their culture, during the learning process at school, student engagement might look as though it is lacking. pedagogy for these students needs to be centered on their strengths and attention given to their weaknesses in regards to providing an accepting atmosphere for learning. The sterling(prenominal) cause of snapure with students in generational poverty is the attempt by numerous teachers to remain evidently neutral and accepting of the noticeable failure rates with regards to the students inability to connect with the broadcast and learn as other students are able to do.How can we understand why so galore(postnominal) students fail to learn what the mainstream schools think they are teaching unless we can get a perspective from the learners and command the world through their eyes? The intentions of this study were to provide educators with an understanding of student learning in generational poverty. Finally, the settlements have provided a framework for understanding what types of instructional practices are effective with impoverished students.Teacher commandment programs, gentilityal leaders and policy makers that are in the market for tested strategies that increase the academic valor of impoverished students can utilize this framework to bring about significant changes in how educator s, policy makers, phone line people and the general public view the ability of the disadvantaged to learn. Chapter 2-LITERATURE REVIEW One goal of education is to ensure that every student has a chance to excel both in school and in lifespan. There are factors that prevented education from serving this role. Too many children enter school with significant barriers to achieving their wide of the mark potential.According to Lee and Burkam (2002), children from poverty may especially have other(a) educational lags. They describe students from families of small(a) socioeconomic status with significant gaps in school readiness as they began kindergarden. These economically disadvantaged children lagged do-nothing their more advantaged peers in skills and exposure to language (University of California, 2002). In fact, economically disadvantaged children score significantly let down on reading, math, and vocabulary tests when compared with otherwise similar non-poor children (Sherma n, 1998).As a result, there is an increasing number of children in school who face challenges, such as coming to school hungry, sleepy, depressed, abused, or angry. These conditions affect their engagement in the learning process which can ultimately affect their academic progress (Lawson Briar-Lawson, 1997). In Clarks (1983) vehement study of ten poor African-American families and their children, he discovered that neither family income level, nor family educational level determines a childs school performance. He concluded that . . .it is the overall quality of a familys life style, nor the composition, or status, or some subset of family process dynamics, that determines whether children are prepared for academically competent performance in the classroom (p. 1). According to Lawson and Briar-Lawson (1997), students of economically disadvantaged parents experience challenges in school. Specifically, these children usually do not carry out their full potential in school becaus e they disrupt classrooms and are eventually labeled at-risk. This can lead to a transfer to special classes.Their issues have the potential to get progressively worse as many students become truant, suspended, and eventually drop out of school. According to the Childrens Defense Fund (2005), there is unforesightful relief in sight. Since reaching a low point in 2000, the number of children living in poverty in the United States has grown by 12. 8 percent exceed 13 million. unfortunate families and children are creation left behind as the benefits of a steadily growing economy fail to trickle down. Poverty is officially measured by the familys annual income.The determination of the poverty thresholds is establish on a model created during 1960s that estimates the cost of an adequate family food budget. Poverty can result in several disadvantages for children, including alack of health insurance, inadequate education, and poor nutrition (Childrens Defense Fund, 2005). The negativ e watch that low socioeconomic status has on academic achievement can be devastating (Brooks-Gunn Duncan, 1997, Duncan, Yeung, Brooks-Gunn Smith, 1996). This mend may be strongest during childrens earlier years (Duncan, Yeung, Brooks-Gunn Smith, 1996), Bradley, Corwyn, Burchinal, Pipes-McAdoo and Garcia-Coll, C.2001) According to the National Center for Education Statistics, (2000), only when 19 percent of children from families of low socioeconomic status have the requisite pre-literacy skills when entering kindergarten. Of fourth-graders from the same socioeconomic background, only 2 percent scored as advanced readers and 12 percent as proficient readers on the National Assessment of Educational Progress (2000) evaluation. Numerous factors contribute to the connection between low socioeconomic status and educational outcomes including birth weight, nutrition, and access to health care (Bradley Corwyn, 2002).These factors can also impact a childs cognitive functioning an, in turn, educational achievement (Brody, G. H. , Flor, D. L. , Gibson, N. M. , 1999). Children from low-income families struggle academically, especially with early reading skills (Tivnan Hemphill, 2005). On the most recent national assessments of fourth grade reading, 54 percent of children who were worthy for complimentary and reduced lunch scored at the lowest performance level in comparison to 23 percent of non-poverty children (Grigg, Danne, Jin, Campbell, 2003).A press release, The State of Children from The Childrens Defense Fund, attempted to articulate the growing maturement poverty and demonstrated the lack of progress in this area. In his January 20, 1937 inaugural speech, President Francklin Roosebelt stated,I name a great nation, upon a great continent, blessed with a great wealth on indwelling resources. But here is the challenge to our democracy In this nation I see millions of families trying to live on income so meager that pall of family disaster hangs over t hem day by day (The library of Congress, 2005).According to the Childrens Defense Fund (2004), over 37 million people, including over 12 million American children, live in poverty. The State of Children from The Childrens Defense Fund (2004) indicated that there are too many poor and minority students who confront significant barriers to achieving their fullest potential. Several examples of the disparity between children with probability and without opportunity based upon poverty include in writing, only 15 percent of those fourth graders eligible for free and reduced lunch can write at grade level compared to 42 percent of those who are not eligible (U.S. Department of Education, 2003b). The Condition of Education 2004 (U. S. Department of Education, 2004b), reported In addition to being more likely than White students to be from low- income families, Black and Hispanic students are more likely to be concentrated in high-poverty schools (p. 4). In 2003, as the proportion of the number of students eligible for free and reduced lunch.

Rhinoceros Poaching Essay Example for Free

rhinocerosceros Poaching EssayDespite of the protective measure, prosecution of this animal continues with the exceptionally high and illegal price on the rhino horn in covert market. In Kaziranga discipline Park, 69 rhinos were poached during the period of 1988 to 1991 (Bhattacharya 1993). In Nepal, data take the stands that intensity of rhino hunt is depend on the action taken by the management authority. During 1976 to 1983 poaching was completely halt repairable to the Army involvement in the conservation of rhino. Since 1984, poachers restarted poaching and reached maximum at 1992, about 18 rhinoceros were killed in this year. The Anti-Poaching Units (APU) was established to control the situation and this measure did work and minimized the poaching and was virtually stopped by 1995. However, from 1996, poaching was started again, out of 98 rhinoceros died during the period of May 1996 to July 2000, 28 were from poaching (DNPWC 2000a). It shows that retard in prote ction due to the political instability, transfer of APU staff and the merging of Gainda Gasti ( rhinoceros Patrol Unit) to the forest bulwark enhanced the rhino poaching in Chitwan Valley (Fig 1. . Fig 1. Rhino poaching trend in Royal Chit wan National Park Data Source DNPWC 2000Heavy poaching in Africa and Asia (Williams 1993, ARSG 1999) is mainly for the high priced rhino horn and it has been proved that better protection is the only successful nub so far to protect this animal from extinction. Thus, to reducing incentive to poach rhino, management should either plus the opportunity cost of crime through imposed wage elsewhere or increase the probability and severity of the punishment or decrease the actual profit from the crime (Williams 1993). Rhinoceros in Nepal In Nepal, rhinoceros population was estimated at about speed of light0 animals until 1950 in Chitwan Valley.Rhinoceros populations were dropped down to less than 100 individuals during late 1960s (DNPWC 2000a). Af ter a successful effort of His majestys Government of Nepal by creating Royal Chitwan National Park in 1973, disappearing population of rhinoceros started to increase gradually and reached 270-310 individuals by 1975 (Laurie 1978). By 1988, the park was supporting a viable population of 358 rhinos (Diner stein and Price 1991). In 1994, 466 individuals were recorded, deal wise in rhino count 2000 the number increases to 544 in Chitwan and 67 in Royal Bardia National Park (DNPWC 2000a) (Fig 2).Fig 2. Population trend of Greater one horned Rhinoceros in Nepal. Rhino Conversation in Nepal Community mobilization Army Information and cognisance. Conclusion In adequate extended chunk of habitat due to the tender interference along with the rampant poaching are the major causes for the depletion of the rhino population in the past. Once depleting population of greater one horn rhinoceros roll in the hay be recover by the intensive protection measure. However, increasing habitat fragme ntation due to the human population growth and confined population of rhino may lead to the loss of genetic variability. piteous habitat and the small population can be managed through developing different sub-populations of the animal in a met population concept. Which not only assure the genetic variability but also keep on from the various natural calamities? Assuring genetic variability only may not enough to safety this animal for long term. Externalities like poaching and the hostile nature of the local inhabitants may conflict with the conservation goal. Thus, building social capital of the local people towards the conservation is very much essential.Fulfillment of unremarkable need forest resource and economic incentive to the local people may bring the awareness for the conservation among the local people. Initiation has been begun in Nepal to conserve rhinoceros in the holistic way. Successful translocation activities, passable increment of the host and sink population and encouraging supports from the local people shown that there is great potential difference and hopes to conserve greater one horn rhinoceros. However, the long-term success of this effort will be obstinate by the regional and international cooperation. 1. strict law establishmentFirst consider whether the cater or demand curve shifts. Secondly consider the direction of shift and lastly see how the shift affects the counterweight price and quantity. Its direct impact is on the sellers rather than the buyers. When government able to stop some Rhino poachers or arrest more poachers, it raises the cost of selling that product (Rhino) and therefore, reduces the quantity of product supplied at any(prenominal) given price. Such law was successful during early 70s and 90s due to establishment of Anti-Poaching Units (APU) but later exit due to political instability and centralized management approach.So in this way we can show the economic figure (demand and supply curves) of Rhino horn on black market. Fig demand and supply curves on black market economy when implementing strict laws. As demand for Rhino Horns are inelastic, the decrease in supply of raises the price of drugs proportionately more than it reduces poaching act. It raises total amount of money that Buyers pay for Rhino horns. Thus implementing harsh law does not always reduce the poaching crimes because Nepal government hypocrisy spend or allocate such huge money on conservation alone.

Achievement Motivation Essay Example for Free

Achievement Motivation EssayWhat is it?This link up psycheality with the degree of militantness shown by an individual. Its main focus is the extent to which an individual is motivated to strive carry outment. Some Theories about it Murray (1938) indicated that it was natural for individual to strive to surpass another (genetically) like trait. Bandura (1977) believed that a competitive drive was a product of learning (social learning). Atkinson and McCelland (1976) has the view of an interactionist and predicts fulfillment need is generated through a faction of personality and situation factors. Atkinson and McCelland view of achievement motivation as a personality trait which is pioneer by a situation, the situation comprises the probability of succeeder and the incentive value of success.-Probability of successthe extent to which success is likelyFor example success is to a greater extent likely of the chore is found by the individual to be easy.-Incentive value o f successthe incentive value experienced by the individual after success-been achieved. For example the harder the task the greater pull up stakes be the incentive value because the probability of success is reduced. There ar devil personality types to determine achievement motivation and these are1.High make to achieve (high Nach)Linked with the pitiful exact to avoid failure (Low Naf). With these characteristic, desire to succeed castigates the fear of failure. These performers=high in achievement motivation (high achievers) 2.Low need to achieve (Low Nach)Also linked with high need to avoid failure (High Naf). These characteristics the fear of failure overcome the desire to success. These performers=low in achievement motivation (low achievers)Characteristics of high and low achievement motivation personality traits.High Nach Personality Characteristics Low Nach personality characteristicsHigh need to achieve Low need to achieveLow need to avoid failure High need to avoid failureApproach doings is adopted Avoidance behaviour is adoptedChallenges is accepted Challenges is rejectedRisks are undertaken Risks are declinedShows persistence and assiduity when task is difficultCurtails sweat when task is difficult Success tends to be attributed to external factorsFailure tends to be attributed to internal factorsFailure is seen as a route to successFailure is seen as the route to elevate failureAspire to mastery druthersAdopt learned helpessnessKey TermsApproach behaviour-describes behaviour that accepts a challenge Avoidance behaviour-describes behaviour that rejects a challenge Attribution-The process that predict reasons for success or failure Mastery Orientation-The strong motive to succeed found in the high achievement. This type of person will expect to succeed but will persist when failure is experienced Learned helplessness-The tenet that failure is inevitable and that the individual has no control over the factors that cause failure.Atkinson and McCellandTheir theory of achievement motivation is best at predicting behavioural responses in situations where there is a 50/50 luck of success. This will trigger motivation for those performers with high achievement traits=likelyto display approach behaviour and mastery orientation characteristics in these circumstances. Incentive value=high when chance is evenly balanced. In contrast to performers who show low achievement motivation would experience greatest anxiety in situations with a 50/50 chance of success later adopt evasion behaviour and experience learned helplessness. Approach or avoidance behaviours likely to arise when in a evaluative situation=Situation in which an individual believes they are being assessed.Drawbacks1.Achievement or success can interpreted in many ways. Some performers regard success as victory over others. For example a long jump athlete winning an event. These state are said to have ego goal orientation. Those with this believe that ability a nd comparison over others=criteria for success. 2.Others try on on the basis of person improvement in a given task-For example a sulfur long jump athlete may view success as the achievement of an improved performance. These tribe are said to have task orientation. Those with the task orientation value internal goals and believe that effort and comparison with self=criteria for success.Sport Specific Achievement Motivation(Competitiveness)Competitiveness in this context means- motivation to achieve in sport. Gill and Deeter (1988), using their own test called the Sport Orientation Questionnaire (SOQ), confirmed that athletes were far more competitive than non-athletes. As as statement, this would appear obvious. Evidence of greater significance-athletes favoured performance goals (task orientation) while non-athletes emphasised the richness of winning (ego orientation) The type of goal set by the teacher as the measure of success in sport-related activities has, therefore, a sign ificant influence upon the decision to adopt and sustain an active and healthy lifestyle. The important crosstie between sport-specific motivation (competitiveness), confidence and goal setting.

Should The Supreme Court Essay Example for Free

Should The Supreme Court undertakeThe Supreme Courts power of judicial review should not be strictly hold in by a constitutional amendment because the simple fact what if you do a judgment that they are not in the right of? If the judge is proved wrong then it will be appealed. For an example we the passel shouldnt be judged because what if whiz commits the same crime and does it intentionally such as killing somebody and then someone does it to protect them and their family from harm if someone broke into their home and was coming at them and the solely thing was to kill them to keep from getting their children or self harmed. The cons of this is that what if we are wanting a fair play passed and it gets rejected and we the voters cant have any say of it. For example switching books in the schools for more modern technology like Ipads what if the children dont understand the work very well and inescapably more studying time, they wont be allowed to take them home. They sh ould make the law of going acantha to older days when all the technology wasnt out just books, pencils, and paperThe pros is that the Judicial kickoff can have the power to view the laws of the other two branches and has an important role playing of the read and balancing system. So when you sit down and think about it its like they are too some(prenominal) chiefs and not enough Indians. They are sometimes to many decisions and too many judges at one time.

Qualitative research Essay Example for Free

Qualitative look EssayPREPARING A CASE mull A Guide for t closureencying and Conducting a Case guide for Evaluation Input By Palena Neale, PhD, old Evaluation Associate Shyam Thapa, PhD, Senior supervise and Evaluation Advisor Carolyn Boyce, MA, Evaluation Associate May 2006 P AT H F I N D E R I N T E R N AT I O N A L T O O L S E R I E S Monitoring and Evaluation 1 PREPARING A CASE STUDY A Guide for Designing and Conducting a Case reckon for Evaluation Input By Palena Neale, PhD, Senior Evaluation Associate Shyam Thapa, PhD, Senior Monitoring and Evaluation Advisor Carolyn Boyce, MA, Evaluation Associate. May 2006 Acknowledgements The authors would like to convey the hobby Pathfinder employees and partners for their technical inputs into this enrolment Emmanuel Boadi (Pathfinder/Ghana), Anne Palmer (Futures Group International), Ugo Daniels (Afri nominate Youth Alliance (AYA)), Veronique Dupont (Pathfinder/Extending Service Delivery (ESD)), Cathy Solter, Lauren Dunning ton, and Shannon Pryor (Pathfinder headquarters). Jenny Wilder and Mary Burket atomic number 18 excessively thanked for their inputs and assistance in editing and producing this document. 2 PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL WRITING A CASE STUDY.What is a Case adopt? A show geek study is a fiction slightly something unique, special, or kindlestories can be about individuals, organizations, processes, political platforms, neighborhoods, institutions, and even events. 1 The case study gives the story behind the turn out by capturing what happened to bring it about, and can be a good opportunity to highlight a stomachs success, or to bring attention to a particular ch on the wholeenge or difficulty in a project. Cases2 might be selected beca theatrical role they are highly effective, non effective, representative, classifiable, or of special interest.A a couple of(prenominal) examples of case study topics are provided belowthe case studies would describe what happened when, to whom , and with what consequences in each case. Case theatre Examples Shifting Attitudes of Youth-Serving Service Providers Uniqueness/Point of Interest Your program was able to change service providers attitudes towards traffic with teenager Sexual and Reproductive health (ASRH) needs in an environment where providers attitudes suffer been a barrier to young people accessing SRH services. Your program was effective in introducing YFS to the MOH and in institutionalizing an YFS curriculum in a setting where the MOH did not provide YFS.Your program was able to integrate human immunodeficiency virus streak in several FBO service delivery points in an environment that norm all toldy does not hold or delicious HIV prevention activities. Your program built the leadership capacity of youth to advocate, promote, and participate in stopping point making around ASRH. This transpired in a setting that did not embroil ASRH on the agenda nor push youth participation in general or in deci sion making in particular. consolidation Youth-Friendly realise (YFS) in the Ministry of Health (MOH) Integrating HIV Prevention in Faith-Based Organization (FBO) Health Services Delivery.Developing Youth Leadership in Tanzania 1 2 Yin, Robert K. (2003). Case Study Research Design and Methods. Thousand Oakds intelligent Publications. Case refers to the unit of analysis or topic chosen for study (i. e. , the individual, organization, or program). PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL WRITING A CASE STUDY 3 When is a Case Study Appropriate? Case studies are appropriate when in that respect is a unique or interesting story to be told. Case studies are often used to provide context to other data (such as outcome data), offering a more complete picture of what happened in the program and why.What are the Advantages and Limitations of a Case Study? The primary advantage of a case study is that it provides much more comminuted information than what is functional through other methods, such as v iews. Case studies also allow hotshot to present data collected from four-fold methods (i. e. , persuasions, interrogates, document review, and observation) to provide the complete story. There are a few limitations and pitfalls however, each of which is described below. Can be lengthy Because they provide detailed information about the case in narrative form, it whitethorn be difficult to hold a readers interest if too lengthy.In writing the case study, contend should be taken to provide the affluent information in a digestible manner. Concern that case studies lack rigor Case studies view been viewed in the evaluation and research fields as less rigorous than surveys or other methods. Reasons for this include the fact that qualitative research in general is still considered unscientific by some and in many cases, case study researchers have not been systematic in their data gathering or have allowed bias in their findings.In conducting and writing case studies, all involve d should use care in being systematic in their data collection and take steps to en authentic validity3 and reliability4 in the study. Not generalizable A common complaint about case studies is that it is difficult to generalize from one case to another. But case studies have also been prone to overgeneralization, which comes from selecting a few examples and assuming without evidence that they are typical or representative of the population.Yin, a prominent researcher, advises case study analysts to generalize findings to theories, as a scientist generalizes from experimental results to theories. 5 3 4 Validity refers to the degree to which a study accurately reflects or assesses the specific concept that the researcher is attempting to measure. Reliability is the extent to which an experiment, test, or any measuring procedure yields the like result on repeated trials. 5 Yin, Robert K. (2003). Case Study Research Design and Methods. Thousand Oaks Sage Publications. 4 PATHFINDER IN TERNATIONAL WRITING A CASE STUDY.What is the Process for Conducting a Case Study? The process for conducting case study research follows the same general process as is followed for other research plan, collect data, analyze data, and disseminate findings. More detailed steps are given below. 1. Plan draw stakeholders who testament be involved. Brainstorm a case study topic, considering types of cases and why they are unique or of interest. Identify what information is needed and from whom (see What are Potential Sources of teaching? and What are the Elements of a Case Study? ). Identify any documents needed for review. List stakeholders to be interrogateed or surveyed (national, facility, and beneficiary levels) and determine sample if necessary. hurt research will follow international and national estimable research standards, including review by ethical research committees. For more information, enjoy see the International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research I nvolving Human Subjects, available at http//www. cioms. ch/frame_guidelines_nov_2002. htm. 2. Develop Instruments Develop interview/survey protocolsthe rules that guide the administration and implementation of the interview/survey. govern simply, these are the instructions that are followed to ensure consistency across interviews/surveys, and thus increase the reliability of the findings. The following instructions for the should be include in the protocol What to say to interviewees when setting up the interview/survey What to say to interviewees when beginning the interview/survey, including ensuring informed consent of the responder (see Appendix 1 for an example) What to say to respondent in concluding the interview What to do during the interview (Example Take tones? Audiotape? Both?) and What to do following the interview (Example Fill in notes? Check audiotape for clarity?Summarize key information for each? Submit write findings? ). Develop an interview guide/survey that lists the questions or issues to be explored and includes an informed consent form. Please note that you will likely need interview guides/surveys for each group of stakeholders, as questions may differ. Where necessary, translate guides into local anesthetic languages and test translation. PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL WRITING A CASE STUDY 5 3. Train info Collectors Identify and train data collectors (if necessary).(See Training Tips for entropy Collectors6. ) Where necessary, use interviewers that speak the local language. Training Tips for Data Collectors rung, youth program participants, or professional interviewers may be involved in data collection. unheeding of what experience data collectors have, training should include An introduction to the evaluation objectives, A review of data collection techniques, A thorough review of the data collection items and instruments, Practice in the use of the instruments, Skill-building exercises on interviewing and social com munication, and Discussion of ethical issues.4. Collect Data Gather all relevant documents. Set up interviews/surveys with stakeholders (be sure to explain the purpose, why the stakeholder has been chosen, and the expected duration). Seek informed consent of each respondent (written or documented oral). Re-explain purpose of interview, why the stakeholder has been chosen, expected duration of, whether and how the information will be kept confidential, and the use of a note taker/tape recorder. If the respondent has consented, conduct the interview/survey. 5. Analyze Data Review all relevant documents. Review all interview/survey data. 6. Disseminate Findings Write report (see What are the Elements of a Case Study? ). Solicit feedback. Revise Disseminate 6 Adamchak, S. , et. al. (2000). A Guide to Monitoring and Evaluating Adolescent Reproductive Health Programs. unattached at http//www. pathfind. org/site/PageServer? pagename=Publications_FOCUS_Guides_and_Tools. 6 PATHFI NDER INTERNATIONAL WRITING A CASE STUDY What are Potential Sources of Information? Case studies typically rely on multiple sources of information and methods to provide as complete a picture as possible.Information sources could include be after documents (including meeting minutes) projection reports, including quarterly reports, midterm reviews Monitoring visits Mystery client reports Facility assessment reports Interviews Questionnaire/survey results Evaluation reports Observation Other What are the Elements of a Case Study? Case studies do not have set elements that need to be included the elements of each will vary depending on the case or story chosen, the data collected, and the purpose (for example, to illustrate a best case versus a typical case).However, case studies typically describe a program or intervention put in ad unsloped to address a particular puzzle. Therefore, we provide the following elements and example on which you might draw 1. The puzzle i. Identify the problem ii. Explain why the problem is important iii. How was the problem identified? iv. Was the process for identifying the problem effective? 2. Steps taken to address the problem 3. Results 4. Challenges and how they were met 5. beyond Results 6. Lessons Learned.PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL WRITING A CASE STUDY 7 1. The Problem It is essential to identify what the problem was. Specifically i. Identify the problem. For example, authoritative FBO leadership was opposed to including HIV prevention activities within their computer programming. Specifically, they felt that prevention activities would promote sex among youth and thereby increase the incidence of HIV. In addition, the FBO felt that the promotion of prophylactics as a form of prevention was honourablely wrong. ii. Explain why the problem is important.Following the same example, to provide a comprehensive solution to HIV/AIDS, prevention activities are an important part of HIV programming, in addition to ca re and endorse. Addressing moral and religious concerns and objections of FBO leaders in order to incorporate this component greatly expands the prevention effort and offers a greater breadth and depth in HIV programming. iii. How was the problem identified? It is likely that program module will have an idea of what general problems exist. For example, YFS is not integrated in the MOH, FBOs do not include prevention activities, youth involvement does not occur, etc.What was likely missing and required exploration were the exposit around this general problem. In the case of working with FBOs, an initial project planning meeting was held to dissertate the specifics behind the problem. It was revealed during this process that certain FBOs who conducted care and support activities did not offer prevention activities, specifically condom promotion. The primary reason given was religious objections another reason identified but not explicitly stated was stigma. iv. Was the process for identifying the problem effective?After additional one-on-one discussions with FBO leaders, it was determined that the leaders had concerns ground on moral and religious grounds regarding prevention efforts, particularly promoting condoms. Furthermore, discussions revealed that a number of leaders had contain and/or erroneous information regarding transmission and prevention options. 8 PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL WRITING A CASE STUDY 2. Steps Undertaken to Address the Problem What was do (activities/ interventions/ inputs), where, by whom, for whom?In the case of incorporate prevention in FBOs, an illustrative compend of steps chthoniantaken to address the problem is given below What was done? Phase 1 sensitizing Sensitization of leadership activities included reviewing FBO policies and bylaws by program supply in order to demonstrate to leadership that there were no constitutional objections to prevention activities. hurtle staff enmeshed liberal FBO leaders to supply quote s from the Bible to build their evidence-based argument to convince other leaders that there was in fact no biblical basis for the preclusion of prevention activities.Sensitization of facility managers meet with managers to discuss leadership approval and present evidence-based arguments on why integration activities can be included. Sensitization of community work with groups to explain that these activities have been approved by the FBO leadership and where they can go to welcome services. Phase 2 Integration Facility assessments Selected facilities Project Staff, FBO representatives Local Implementing Partners (IPs) Project Staff, Facility Managers Contractor FBOs, Project Staff Facility Staff District/ National Project Staff FBO leaders Where? By Whom? For Whom?Facilities Project Staff Facility Managers Community catchment areas Project Staff Community members Training of service providers Selected facilities Conduct staff orientations Facilities Facility Staff Physical infrast ructure amend Phase 3 Outreach Identify peers that you want to work with Training Provide Tools Supervision Phase 4 ME Reassessments Facilities Facility Selected facilities Facilities Facility Staff IPs Project chum supervisors Beneficiaries Peers Peers Peers Sample of selected facilities Project Staff, Facility Management, Youth Trained mystery clients Project Staff, Peer Supervisors.Facility, Project Staff Mystery client interviews Monitoring visits Facilities Facilities, Peers Facility staff, Project Staff PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL WRITING A CASE STUDY 9 3. Results What were the results of your intervention, particularly the significant or unique results? For example your activities resulted in the FBO including HIV prevention activities in their programming, which contributed to an increase in condom distribution. Or, your activities resulted in youth-serving service providers adopting a youth-friendly attitude which contributed to improved services and an increase in youth vis its.Church leadership may have made a commitment and modified policies to include ASRH activities, leadership talking about the issues publicly. Facility managers may make pecuniary commitments to refurbishments, training, etc. 4. Challenges and how they were met This focuses on what scraps or difficulties you encountered and what you did to overcome them. One of the challenges in working with FBOs may have been relations with Catholic FBOs and your response could have been to negotiate with them to include certain prevention activities like abstinence, and/or providing a referral point to youth who may want to get information about condoms.Another possible challenge is that not all FBOs who you had hoped to work with were willing to come on board and this required additional attention. 5. beyond Results Are the results mentioned above sustainable? Why or why not? For example, an integrated approach to programming (which included a strong policy and advocacy component) created an enabling policy environment with strong stakeholder support that can be nurtured and leveraged beyond the project duration. 6. Lessons Learned What lessons were learned programmatic, technical, financial, process, etc.?For example, the experience showed that it was imperative for project staff to have a very solid understanding of government policies to speak to these issues with key stakeholders. In addition, it was important to have a good understanding of the various religious beliefs in addition to their several(prenominal) policies and by-laws for developing and delivering advocacy arguments. How are Case Studies Presented? Case studies are flexible in that they can be presented in a number of waysthere is no specific format to follow.However, like all evaluation results, justification and methodology of the study should be provided, as well as any support information (i. e. , copies of instruments and guides used in the study). Case studies may stand alone or be included in a larger evaluation report. If presented as a stand-alone report, the following report outline is suggested 1. Introduction and Justification 2. methodological analysis a. How was the process carried out? (Describe the process of selecting the case and data collection sources, as well as how data was collected. ) b. What assumptions are there (if any)?10 PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL WRITING A CASE STUDY 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. c. Are there any limitations with this method? d. What instruments were used to collect data? (You may want to include some or all in the appendix. ) e. What sample(s) is/are being used? f. everyplace which period of time was this data collected? The Problem The Steps Taken to Address the Problem The Results The Challenges and How They were Met Beyond Results Lessons Learned Conclusion Appendices Where Can More Information on Case Studies be Found? Information on Case Study Research Adamchak, S. , et. al. (2000).A Guide to Monitoring and Evaluating Adolescent Re productive Health Programs. Available at http//www. pathfind. org/pf/pubs/focus/guidesandtools/PDF/Part%20II. pdf. Patton, Michael Q. (2002). Qualitative Research Evaluation Methods. Thousand Oaks Sage Publications. Stake, Robert E. (1995). The artistic creation of Case Study Research. Thousand Oaks Sage Publications. United States General Accounting Office, Program Evaluation and Methodology Division. (1987). Case Study Evaluations. Available at http//161. 203. 16. 4/t2pbat22/132683. pdf. Yin, Robert K. (2003). Case Study Research Design and Methods.capital of the United Kingdom Sage Publications. Examples of Case Studies Cornwall, A. and Welbourn, A. (2002). Realizing Rights Transforming Approaches to Sexual and Reproductive Well-Being. London Zed Books. Population Council. Quality/Calidad/Qualite series. Available at http//www. popcouncil. org/publications/qcq/default. htm. SRI International. (2001). The Organization of Learning in Community Technology Centers Learning with Tec hnology in Six Communities. Available at http//www. americaconnects. net/research/SRI_case_study_report. pdf. PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL WRITING A CASE STUDY 11Appendix 1 Sample Informed Consent Form Key Components Thank you Your name direct Confidentiality Duration How interview will be conducted Opportunity for questions Signature of consent I want to thank you for taking the time to meet with me today. My name is ________________________ and I would like to talk to you about your experiences participating in the African Youth Alliance (AYA) project. Specifically, as one of the components of our overall program evaluation we are assessing program effectiveness in order to capture lessons that can be used in future interventions.The interview should take less than an hour. I will be taping the session because I dont want to miss any of your comments. Although I will be taking some notes during the session, I cant possibly write fast enough to get it all down. Because were on tape, please be sure to speak up so that we dont miss your comments. All responses will be kept confidential. This means that your interview responses will only be shared with research squad members and we will ensure that any information we include in our report does not identify you as the respondent.Remember, you dont have to talk about anything you dont want to and you may end the interview at any time. Are there any questions about what I have just explained? Are you willing to participate in this interview? __________________ Interviewee __________________ Witness __________ Date ______________________________________Legal guardian (if interviewee is under 18) 12 PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL SAMPLE INFORMED CONSENT FORM Pathfinder International 9 Galen Street, Suite 217 Watertown, MA 02472 USA Tel 617-924-7200 Email emailprotected org 05/06/500.

Minerals and Energy Resources Essay Example for Free

Minerals and Energy Resources EssayWe imply metals for making machines, sands and gravels for making roads and buildings,sand for making computer chips, limestone and gypsum for making concrete, clays for making ceramics, gold, silver, bruiser and aluminum for making electric circuits, and diamondsand corundum (sapphire, ruby, emerald) for abrasives and jewelry. A mineral deposit is a volume of leaning enriched in one or more materials. In this sense a mineral refers to a reclaimable material, a definition that is different from the way we defined a mineral back in Chapter here the word mineral can be any substance that comes from the Earth. Finding and exploiting mineral deposits affects the application of the principles of geology that you train learned throughout this course. Some minerals are used as they are found in the ground, i. e. they require no that processing or very little processing. For example gemstones, sand, gravel, andsalt (halite). Most minerals must be processed before they are used. For example * Iron is the found in abundance in minerals, just the process of raiseing fight from different minerals varies in cost depending on the mineral.It is least costly to extract the iron from oxide minerals like hematite (Fe2O3), magnetite (Fe3O4), or limonite Fe(OH). Although iron also occurs in olivines, pyroxenes, amphiboles, and biotite, the concentration of iron in these minerals is less, and cost of extraction is increased because strong bonds between iron, silicon, and oxygen must be broken. * aluminium is the third most abundant mineral in the Earths crust. It occurs in the most common minerals of the crust the feldspars (NaAlSi3O8, KalSi3O8, CaAl2Si2O8, but the cost of extracting the atomic number 13 from these minerals is high.Thus, deposits containing the mineral gibbsite Al(OH)3, are usually sought. This explains why recycling of Aluminum is cost sound, since the Aluminum does not have to be separated from oxygen or sil icon. Because such things as extraction costs, workforce costs, and muscle costs vary with time and from country to country, what constitutes aneconomically viable depositof minerals varies considerably in time and place. In general, the higher the concentration of the substance, the more economical it is to mine. Thus we define an ore as a mineral deposit from which one or more valuable substances can be extracted economically.Extraction of this oil color also requires heating the rock and is therefore energy intensive and not currently cost effective burn Coalis a sedimentary/metanorphic rock produced in swamps where there is a large-scale accruement of organic matter from plants. As the plants die they accumulate to first become peat. Compaction of the peat due to burial chamber drives off volatile components like water and methane, eventually producing a black- colored organic- rich scorch called lignite. throw out compaction and heating results in a more carbon- rich co al called bituminous coal.If the rock becomes metamorphosed, a high grade coal called anthracite is produced. However, if temperatures and pressures become extremely high, all of the carbon is converted to graphite. black lead will burn only at high temperatures and is therefore not useful as an energy source. Anthracite coal produces the most energy when burned, with less energy produced by bituminous coal and lignite. Coal is found in beds called seams, usually ranging in thickness from 0. 5 to 3m, although some seams reach 30 m. cardinal major coal producing periods are known in geologic history.During the Carboniferous and Permian Periods, the continents were apparently located practiced the equator and covered by shallow seas. This type of environment favored the growth of vegetation and rapid burial to produce coal. Known reserves of coal far exceed those of other fossil fuels, and may be our best bet for an energy source of the future. Still, burning of the lower grades of coal, like lignite and bituminous coal produces large amounts of waste products that pollute the atmosphere. This problem needs to be overcome before we can further exploit this source of energy. Bottom of Form